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Tuesday, 3 February 2026

Balochistan’s Escalation: What Operation Herof Phase II Means for Pakistan, the Region, and CPEC

The sudden and coordinated offensive launched by the Baloch Liberation Army (BLA) under Operation Herof (Black Storm) Phase II marks one of the most significant escalations in Pakistan’s troubled province of Balochistan in recent years. Striking simultaneously across Quetta, Mastung, Nushki, Gwadar, Panjgur, Kharan, and Pasni, the insurgents have challenged Pakistan’s writ of the state, exposed security vulnerabilities, and reignited questions about governance, legitimacy, and stability in the country’s largest yet most neglected province.

While casualty figures remain contested, the scale, coordination, and geographic spread of the attacks suggest that this is not a routine flare-up but a deliberate strategic escalation with far-reaching implications for Pakistan’s internal security, regional geopolitics, and the future of the China–Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC).


A Province in Perpetual Turmoil

Balochistan has long been a paradox within Pakistan: rich in minerals, strategically vital due to Gwadar port, yet politically marginalised and economically underdeveloped. For decades, Baloch nationalist groups have accused Islamabad of resource exploitation, political suppression, and demographic engineering.

The BLA, one of the most prominent separatist outfits, frames its struggle as one for self-determination, arguing that projects like CPEC primarily benefit Pakistan’s federal elite and Chinese interests while sidelining local communities.

Operation Herof Phase II appears to be a calculated attempt to demonstrate that the insurgency is not only alive but evolving — employing suicide tactics, simultaneous multi-city assaults, and even the deployment of female fighters, signalling both operational sophistication and ideological mobilisation.


Pakistan’s Likely Security Response: More Iron, Less Heart

In the wake of these attacks, Pakistan is almost certain to double down on its militarised approach to Balochistan.

This will likely include:

  • Expanded deployment of the Army and Frontier Corps
  • Intensified intelligence operations
  • Increased checkpoints, curfews, and internet blackouts
  • Wider arrests of suspected sympathisers
  • Tighter control over universities, media, and civil society

While this may suppress violence in the short term, history suggests that heavy-handed tactics deepen alienation, creating fertile ground for renewed insurgency.

Politically, Islamabad is also expected to intensify its narrative of “foreign-backed terrorism,” particularly targeting India — a familiar strategy used to deflect domestic criticism and legitimise security crackdowns.


Regional Ripple Effects

Pakistan’s accusations of Indian involvement, is  unsubstantiated.

Afghanistan Factor

Islamabad may accuse the Afghan Taliban of providing safe havens or transit routes for Baloch militants, potentially straining already fragile Pakistan–Taliban relations and risking cross-border tensions along the Durand Line.

Iran’s Quiet Anxiety

Iran, which faces its own Baluch insurgency, will be deeply concerned about instability spilling across its border. Quiet intelligence coordination between Tehran and Islamabad is likely to increase, particularly around border security.

CPEC Under Siege?

Perhaps the most consequential impact of this escalation lies in its implications for CPEC and China’s strategic investments in Pakistan.

Beijing is unlikely to abandon CPEC, but it will almost certainly demand stronger security guarantees. This may lead to:

  • A larger Chinese security presence
  • Heavily fortified economic zones in Gwadar
  • Greater Pakistani military protection around infrastructure projects

However, these measures could further alienate local Baloch communities, transforming Gwadar into a heavily militarised enclave — secure, but politically illegitimate in the eyes of many residents.

Chinese firms may slow investment timelines, reassess risk, or pressure Islamabad for more aggressive counterinsurgency measures, tying economic cooperation to security performance.

Where Is This Headed? Three Possible Futures

1. Intensification (Most Likely)

More attacks, harsher crackdowns, rising civilian suffering, and deeper ethnic polarisation.

2. Containment Without Resolution

Pakistan regains surface-level control, but fails to address root grievances — setting the stage for future violence.

3. Political Dialogue (Least Likely)

A genuine attempt at reconciliation through amnesty, resource-sharing, and greater provincial autonomy — historically unlikely given Pakistan’s preference for military solutions.

The Bigger Picture

Operation Herof Phase II is not merely a security challenge; it is a crisis of governance, legitimacy, and state-society relations in Pakistan.

For Islamabad, the dilemma is stark: continue a militarised approach that fuels resentment, or risk political reform that challenges entrenched power structures.

For China, Balochistan represents both opportunity and vulnerability — a gateway to the Arabian Sea that could just as easily become a strategic liability.

For the region, the conflict underscores how local insurgencies can intersect with great-power competition, economic corridors, and geopolitical fault lines.

 

Conclusion

Balochistan’s latest eruption of violence is a warning that development without consent, security without justice, and investment without inclusion will only breed instability.

Unless Pakistan pairs its security operations with meaningful political engagement, economic equity, and genuine federal reform, Operation Herof Phase II may be remembered not as an isolated episode — but as another chapter in an unresolved and increasingly dangerous conflict.

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