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Monday, 24 August 2026

Comparative Table: Jain vs. Thapar on Somnath

 

AspectMeenakshi Jain (Invincible Somnath)Romila Thapar (Somanatha: The Many Voices of History)
ApproachCivilisational resilience; temple as symbol of Hindu faithAcademic pluralism; temple destruction seen as routine
ToneDevotional, restorative, rooted in Hindu traditionDetached, analytical, minimizing trauma
FocusRepeated destruction and reconstruction as proof of invincibilityMultiple voices, suggesting Hindus may not have been traumatised
Narrative StyleChronicles geography, mythology, foreign accounts, political debatesEmphasises socio-political context, downplays religious sentiment
SymbolismSomnath = faith, revival, continuitySomnath = contested site, multiple interpretations
Modern LegacyHighlights Patel, Munshi, Rajendra Prasad, and Modi’s commemorationFocuses on Nehru’s discomfort with revivalist symbolism
पैलूमीनाक्षी जैन (अजेय सोमनाथ)रोमिला थापर (सोमनाथ: इतिहासातील अनेक आवाज)
दृष्टीकोनसभ्यतेचा पुनर्जन्म; मंदिर = हिंदू श्रद्धेचे प्रतीकशैक्षणिक बहुविधता; विध्वंस = नेहमीचे घटक
स्वरभक्तिपूर्ण, पुनर्निर्मितीवर भरअलिप्त, विश्लेषणात्मक, आघात कमी दाखवणारा
मुख्य भरवारंवार विध्वंस आणि पुनर्निर्मिती = अजेयतेचा पुरावाविविध दृष्टिकोन; हिंदूंना फारसा आघात झाला नाही असे सूचित
कथन शैलीभूगोल, पुराणकथा, परकीय नोंदी, राजकीय पत्रव्यवहारसामाजिक-राजकीय संदर्भावर भर; धार्मिक भावनांना दुय्यम स्थान
प्रतीकात्मकतासोमनाथ = श्रद्धा, पुनरुज्जीवन, सातत्यसोमनाथ = वादग्रस्त स्थळ, अनेक अर्थ
आधुनिक वारसासरदार पटेल, के.एम. मुन्शी, राजेंद्र प्रसाद, मोदी यांचा गौरवनेहरूंच्या पुनरुज्जीवनावरील अस्वस्थतेवर भर

Book Review-: Invincible Somnath: A Saga of Millennia Author: Meenakshi Jain Publisher: Aryan Books International Pages: 219 | Price: ₹795

📖 Author and Context

  • Jain is known for highlighting aspects of Indian history often ignored or diminished by Leftist historians. Her works focus on temple destruction, reconstruction, and colonial distortions of Indian society.

🏛 Jain’s Historical Focus

  • Previous works include Rama and Ayodhya, Vasudeva Krishna and Mathura, Vishwanath Rises and Rises, Flight of Deities and Rebirth of Temples, Sati, and others.

  • Central theme: civilisational resilience through temple reconstruction despite repeated iconoclasm.

🌍 Somnath’s Sacred Legacy

  • Located at Prabhas Patan, Saurashtra, the site is sacred in Hindu tradition:

    • Soma (Moon God) worshipped Shiva here.

    • Shri Krishna left his mortal body here.

    • Confluence of three rivers (Saraswati, Kapila, Hiranya).

    • First of the 12 Jyotirlingas; mentioned in the Mahabharata.

⚔️ Cycles of Destruction and Reconstruction

  • Early temples: Built between 7th–10th centuries CE.

  • Mahmud of Ghazni (1026 CE): Destroyed Somnath’s sanctum; one of his 16 invasions.

  • Muhammad Ghori & Qutubuddin Aibak: Continued assaults.

  • Each destruction was followed by renewed reconstruction — a testament to Hindu resilience.

  • Maratha period: Maharani Ahilyabai Holkar built a temple near the site.

🇮🇳 Post-Independence Revival

  • Sardar Patel (1947): Announced reconstruction at the original site.

  • Initially planned with government funds, but Gandhi advised public funding via a trust.

  • K M Munshi oversaw completion after Patel’s death.

  • Temple inaugurated in May 1951 by President Rajendra Prasad.

📝 Political Debates

  • Appendices include letters between Nehru, Rajendra Prasad, and K M Panikkar.

  • Nehru disapproved of Prasad’s association with the temple inauguration, reflecting tensions over Hindu revivalism.

  • Panikkar was embarrassed by requests for waters and twigs from Chinese rivers and mountains for the ceremony.

🌟 Modern Commemoration

  • On 11 May 2026, Prime Minister Narendra Modi visited Somnath to mark the 75th anniversary of its reconstruction.

  • The temple stands as a symbol of civilisational rejuvenation and revival after centuries of subjugation.

🎯 Conclusion

  • Jain’s book presents Somnath as “Invincible”, highlighting faith, resilience, and continuity of Hindu civilisation.

  • It serves as a counter-narrative to Romila Thapar’s interpretation, which downplays the trauma of repeated destruction.

  • The work is both a historical chronicle and a civilisational tribute.

The Historic Transfer-On 10 September 2025, ISRO handed over the entire Small Satellite Launch Vehicle (SSLV) to Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL)

 

🚀 

On 10 September 2025, ISRO handed over the entire Small Satellite Launch Vehicle (SSLV) to Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) — the first time a space agency has given a complete rocket to a company. HAL won the contract worth ₹511 crore, beating two other consortia. The goal: let ISRO focus on advanced projects like Gaganyaan, while industry manages routine satellite launches.

📅 The Two-Year Timeline

HAL gets drawings, two years of joint work with ISRO engineers, and two rockets to build. After that, HAL must operate independently under a non-exclusive licence. The concern: transferring a decade of ISRO’s experience in just 24 months may be unrealistic.

✈️ Lessons from HAL’s Past

  • Su-30MKI Fighters (2004–2020): HAL licence-built 222 jets with Russian kits. Indigenous content was only 13% (vs. 60% promised), and expertise failed to take root.

  • Dhruv Helicopter (1984 onwards): Joint design with German engineers gave HAL genuine design capability. 👉 The difference: design knowledge sharing vs. mere assembly.

🧠 The Challenge of Tacit Knowledge

Rocket programmes rely heavily on unwritten, experiential knowledge — why a weld angle matters, or which vibration signals danger. This cannot be captured in manuals. Transfer depends on absorptive capacity — the receiving firm’s ability to understand and internalize knowledge.

🌍 Global Case Studies

  1. Toyota (NUMMI Plant, USA): Success came from embedding workers in Japan and long-term collaboration. Manuals alone failed.

  2. Japan (F-15J to Sixth-Gen Fighter): Used licence production as a training ladder over decades.

  3. South Korea (F-16 to KF-21): Progressed step by step, co-developing with Lockheed Martin, eventually mastering radar technology.

  4. NASA & SpaceX (2006 onwards): NASA placed engineers inside factories, shared decades of failure data, and stayed engaged — enabling SpaceX’s rapid success.

🔑 Common Success Factors

Across industries and countries, successful transfers required:

  • Years of joint work, not months

  • Sequential programmes building on each other

  • Supplier presence long after handover

🇮🇳 The Open Question for India

The SSLV agreement gives HAL two years of joint work, then nothing more. ISRO spent over a decade developing SSLV, including failures and redesigns. HAL risks missing the tacit knowledge unless ISRO treats this as the first stage of a longer partnership, continuing support like NASA did with SpaceX.

🎯 Conclusion

India’s decision to transfer SSLV is strategically sound. But the two-year limit may be insufficient. For HAL to truly master rocket-building, ISRO must remain engaged beyond the initial handover — otherwise, India risks repeating past mistakes of “assembly without design.”

# REAL GEN Z HEROS-From a Backyard Court to the World Stage-Treesa Jolly & Gayatri gopichand

 


On Saturday evening, Pullela Gopichand was in no hurry to leave.

The former All England champion, chief national coach, and one of Indian badminton’s most influential figures had just watched his daughter, Gayatri Gopichand, and Treesa Jolly win a medal at the World Championships in Delhi. Standing in the mixed zone under the arena lights, he continued answering questions long after most coaches would have left.

There was pride in his voice, along with something rarer for a man usually all business at courtside: a sense of lightness. He joked with organisers, answered patiently, and seemed content to let the moment linger.

A day later, another father spoke about the same medal from a very different setting.

Jolly Mathew was on the phone from Cherupuzha, a small town in northern Kerala where badminton courts did not exist until he built one himself. His voice travelled through a patchy phone line, but the pride was unmistakable. He wanted to speak about the journey that had taken his daughter from a modest courtyard in Kannur district to the World Championships podium in the national capital.

For Gopichand, the story of achievement is already familiar: the All England title in 2001, the successful coaching career that followed, and the rise of players such as Saina Nehwal and PV Sindhu. Over the past two decades, his name has become inseparable from the growth of Indian badminton.

This time, however, it was Jolly Mathew’s story that deserved to be told.

A Volleyball Court Becomes a Badminton Court

Mathew was a physical education teacher and a respected volleyball coach at St Joseph’s School in Cherupuzha, Kannur. At his home, he had a volleyball court in the courtyard where he trained young players every evening. The sound of the ball striking the packed earth was a familiar part of family life.

Treesa and her elder sister grew up watching from the sidelines.

Mathew initially believed both daughters might take up volleyball. They were surrounded by the game and watched it being played daily just outside their home. But as he observed them, he began to consider which sport would be most suitable for children of their age.

“She was very interested in sports. She wanted to play and was very enthusiastic,” Mathew told IndiaToday.in.

“At home, I used to train girls in volleyball, and she would watch them practise and play. She was very interested in all of that.”

Since badminton could be played from a young age, Mathew felt it would suit Treesa better. He had played the sport to some extent himself, and almost by accident, the volleyball coach became a badminton coach for an audience of one.

“I thought that if I was training children from the neighbourhood, I should also bring my own child into the field,” Mathew said. “I wanted to find a game that suited her, and because I had played badminton to some extent, it was the first game that came to my mind.”

There was one major obstacle: Cherupuzha had no badminton courts nearby.

So, he built one.

“There were no courts in our area, so I built an indoor court at our house and trained her there,” he said.

The badminton court was initially the family’s volleyball court, repurposed for the two sisters.

“My father was a volleyball coach, and we had a volleyball court in our backyard. At that time, many players were taking up badminton, so he converted it into a badminton court for me and my elder sister,” Treesa told the Badminton Association of India.

Kerala’s monsoon made an open court unusable for much of the year. Mathew covered the court with tarpaulin, making rain another challenge to train through rather than a reason to stop training.

The Financial Struggle

The bigger challenge was financial.

“We did not understand that initially. We went to one state-level tournament and only later realised how the system worked,” Mathew said.

Selection to the Kerala team depended on participation in ranking tournaments across the state. Each tournament required travel, entry fees, equipment, accommodation, and time away from work. For a family dependent on a teacher’s salary, the expenses were significant.

“So we had to travel to all these tournaments,” he said.

There were no sponsors to ease the burden.

“We faced many financial difficulties. There was no sponsorship from anyone, whether from the association or elsewhere. We had to bear the expenses ourselves.”

Treesa remembers those years too. What she remembers most, however, is that her father never allowed the financial pressure to become her burden.

“The initial days were difficult. It was an expensive sport, and we had to face many financial struggles,” she said. “But I think my father somehow never made me feel those pressures.”

“That confidence gives you something special when your parents tell you that you have the talent to play at that level. My parents have been amazing in that regard. I am here because of them.”

Mathew coached Treesa himself until Class 7. Then he made an important decision: he stepped aside because he understood that remaining her coach could eventually limit her progress.

Looking Beyond Conventional Success

Treesa was also a good student. Her strong performance in the Plus Two examinations meant that conventional career options—medicine, engineering, or a government job—were open to her.

Mathew understood the appeal of those choices. Yet, the more he watched his daughter train on the tarpaulin-covered court, the more he felt that badminton was the path she should follow.

“We had our own ambitions, of course,” he said.

“But I never looked at sport merely as a means to get a job. I saw it as something that could contribute to health, physical fitness, and enjoyment.”

Over time, this view grew into a stronger conviction.

“How many doctors can we have?” he asked. “There can be many doctors from one school or one panchayat. But how many people can become Indian players?”

His ambition was never modest. “First, you want to become an Indian player. After that, you want to reach the World Championships and the Olympics.”

For Treesa, he believed the dream had to be even bigger.

“It was not just about going to the Olympics. She wanted an Olympic medal.”

Mathew had seen something in his daughter that he believed was uncommon.

“If you study well, you can become a collector. There can be thousands of collectors. But there are very few people who win medals at this level. There is only one PV Sindhu. There cannot be many PV Sindhus.”

A decision made in a small Kerala town would eventually inspire an entire village.

Treesa later said, “I think my father is the star. When I started playing, there was nothing in my village. After the Commonwealth Games medal, I can see so many courts now. Students come to me, people are excited to play, and everyone in my village plays badminton now. Earlier, there was only a clay court.”

Knowing When to Let Go

Mathew took Treesa as far as he reasonably could. He knew that to progress further, she would need more specialised coaching.

His friend, Dr Anil Ramachandran, the head of sports at Kannur University and a badminton specialist, took Treesa under his guidance. The family arranged accommodation near the university, and Ramachandran coached her from Class 8 to Class 11. During this period, she began rising through the ranks of competitive badminton.

The national camp followed. Eventually, she came under the guidance of Pullela Gopichand.

On the strength of her international performances and junior ranking, Treesa was included in the Target Olympic Podium Scheme. In February 2020, while still in Plus One, she joined Gopichand’s senior camp in Hyderabad.

A journey that had begun on a patch of packed earth in Cherupuzha had reached the highest level of India’s badminton system.

Two Players, Two Pressures

In 2021, Treesa Jolly and Gayatri Gopichand were paired together, shortly after India emerged from the Covid-19 pandemic. Coaches at the academy were experimenting with combinations among promising juniors.

Treesa’s natural game was built around power from the backcourt. Gayatri was more comfortable near the net and in the frontcourt. On paper, the partnership made sense even before the first shuttle was struck.

Yet, the two players came from very different backgrounds.

Gayatri grew up with a surname that carried enormous prestige in Indian badminton. It opened doors, but it also brought expectations. She had to constantly prove that her place in the game was earned through performance, not inherited through her father’s name.

Treesa came from a town where the first badminton court was built by her father in their own backyard.

Both carried pressures they had not chosen.

Gayatri has spoken openly about the weight of expectations.

“Honestly, I think sometimes on court I do feel that pressure,” she said. “I would not say I do not, but there is also a lot of guidance. That is the better part of it.”

Over time, she learned how to handle it.

“Many people tell me, ‘You are Gopi sir’s daughter. You need to prove yourself.’ But I think I am much better now. There is pressure, but I have learned how to manage it.”

Treesa’s pressure was different. It was less about living up to a famous name and more about honouring the sacrifice her family had made to give her an opportunity.

Over the years, those two separate journeys merged into one partnership.

They reached two All England semi-finals, won a Commonwealth Games medal, and emerged as India’s leading women’s doubles pair. Yet one question remained: were they merely India’s best pair, or could they truly compete with the world’s elite?

The Power Behind Treesa’s Game

The answer arrived in Delhi, with a sound that became familiar across the arena: the sharp crack of a Treesa Jolly smash.

Her power from the backcourt became one of the dominant talking points of the World Championships. Commentators repeatedly highlighted the pace and force she generated, which gave the Indian pair a weapon that few opponents could handle.

The roots of that strength lay in her childhood volleyball training.

“My jump smash may also be because my father made me train with volleyball drills at the beginning,” Treesa said.

“When I was in Class 1, I used to practise the volleyball jump serve. That gave me strength.”

The volleyball coach who had trained neighbourhood children in his backyard had, without intending to, helped create one of Indian badminton’s most formidable attacking weapons.

Mathew had recognised her natural aggression long before she had a major stage on which to display it.

“She has always had tremendous energy, power, and aggression,” he said. “It is naturally in her.”

Over the years, elite coaching gave shape to that raw ability. Her power was refined with better timing, control, shot selection, and deception. The fire remained the same; only the stage grew larger.

The Breakthrough in Delhi

Treesa and Gayatri arrived in Delhi after a disrupted season. Treesa had been sidelined by injury for nearly three months, causing the pair to lose ranking points and competitive rhythm.

However, a 45-day training period under Pullela Gopichand and B. Sumeeth Reddy helped them rebuild their game. Gayatri assumed greater responsibility in the backcourt while Treesa worked her way back to full match fitness.

“I wanted to cover the backcourt when she returned because it would not be easy for her to come back after injury and cover so much area,” Gayatri said.

Treesa, meanwhile, improved her net play and added greater finesse to her powerful attacking game.

In Delhi, the pair defeated the seventh seeds and then overcame the fourth-seeded Chinese pair, whom they had never beaten before. In the semi-final, they won the opening game against the world’s top-ranked pair before eventually losing the match.

The medal was bronze, but its colour mattered less than what the performance represented.

Gayatri and Treesa had competed against the world’s best and made them uncomfortable for much of the match. The lingering question over whether they could be more than India’s best women’s doubles pair had finally been answered.

Two Fathers, One Medal

On Saturday, Gopichand stood in the mixed zone and spoke about his daughter. He insisted that he did not feel anything extra merely because she was his daughter, but his pride was impossible to miss.

On Sunday, around 400 miles south, Jolly Mathew spoke from Kerala over a phone line. He described a daughter who had entered the World Championships with barely a month of preparation behind her and achieved a result that nobody in the family had dared to expect.

Gopichand’s journey helped build India’s belief that badminton could produce world-class champions. Jolly Mathew’s quieter and slower journey has inspired a village.

Today, in Cherupuzha, courts stand where none existed when Treesa was a child. One court became many. One little girl became a World Championships medallist

Sunday, 23 August 2026

The Russia Ukrainian war and the Iran USA war has also been an opportunity for Indian petroleum industry and Indian arms manufacturing industry.

 The Russia Ukrainian war and the Iran USA war has also been an opportunity for Indian petroleum industry and Indian arms manufacturing industry. Please tell me as to how much of ammunition and arms India has exported ever since the beginning of Russia, Ukraine war and how much of petroleum products has India sold to the world ever since the beginning of Ukrainian war?


The broad picture is clear: India’s defence exports rose sharply after the Ukraine war began, and petroleum product exports also benefited from the global energy shock that followed. But the exact totals depend on whether you mean **annual exports**, **cumulative exports since February 2022**, or only **arms/ammunition to Europe/Ukraine-related routes**; official Indian data is usually reported by financial year rather than by war date. [1][2][3]

## Defence exports

India’s total defence exports were **₹21,083 crore in FY 2023-24** and **₹23,622 crore in FY 2024-25**, according to the Ministry of Defence/PIB. [1][2]
That means India exported at least **₹44,705 crore** in defence products over those two financial years alone, which covers most of the Ukraine-war period. [1][2]
The government says these exports included **ammunition, arms, sub-systems, complete systems, and critical components** sold to around **80 countries** in FY 2024-25. [4]

For ammunition specifically, there is no single official public figure that neatly totals “all ammunition exported since the start of the war,” but reporting based on Reuters and customs data indicates that Indian-made shells and components shipped through Europe have been small in volume, and Indian officials said the ammunition reaching Ukraine was **less than 1%** of Kyiv’s total wartime imports. [5][6][7][8]

## Petroleum exports

India’s petroleum product exports hit a record in 2025, with shipments valued at **$52 billion in January–November 2025** and **$44.4 billion in FY 2024-25**, according to business reporting based on commerce ministry and Kpler data. [3]
That same reporting says exports reached **1.28 million barrels per day** in 2025, showing how strongly India’s refining sector benefited from the post-Ukraine-war energy market. [3]

If you want a war-period total from **February 2022 onward**, the cleanest available official-style figure in the material I found is still the annual/fiscal-year data, not a single consolidated cumulative total. [3][1][2]

## Useful interpretation

So, in practical terms:

- **Defence exports since the war began:** roughly **₹44,705 crore** in FY 2023-24 and FY 2024-25 combined, with the war likely contributing to the acceleration. [1][2]
- **Petroleum product exports since the war began:** at least **$44.4 billion in FY 2024-25 alone**, and **$52 billion** in the first eleven months of 2025, showing a large windfall from the energy disruption. [3]

Saturday, 22 August 2026

REAL GE Z HEROS-Tanaji Malusare’s Tactics & Their Relevance for NDA & SPI Cadets -My Talk

 


1. Opening 

Good morning, Commandant, members of the faculty, distinguished officers, and my young comrades—the cadets of the National Defence Academy.

"A leader is one who knows the way, goes the way, and shows the way." Long before these words were written into modern doctrine, they were etched into the rugged cliffs of the Sahyadris in blood, grit, and unyielding resolve.

Today, we look back to February 1670—to Subedar Tanaji Malusare, a primary commander of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, and his legendary assault on the fortress of Kondhana. To look at Tanaji merely through the lens of romantic history is to miss the point entirely. For a military officer, Kondhana was not just a brave clash; it was a masterclass in asymmetrical warfare, night operations, terrain exploitation, and command leadership under extreme friction.

2. Battle Context 

To grasp the tactical brilliance of the assault, one must first understand the strategic setting. Under the Treaty of Purandar in 1665, Shivaji Maharaj was forced to cede 23 vital forts to the Mughals. Among them, Kondhana was the crown jewel—a natural citadel dominating the Deccan plateau, controlling access to Pune and the heartland of the Maratha state. As long as the Mughal garrison under Udaybhan Rathore held Kondhana, the Maratha domain remained structurally compromised. Recapturing it was a strategic imperative.

When Shivaji Maharaj decided to reclaim Kondhana, he turned to his most trusted commander: Tanaji Malusare.

An anecdote illustrates the ethos of the man: When the summons from Shivaji Maharaj arrived, Tanaji was in the middle of preparations for his son Rayaba’s wedding. The mandates of duty, however, knew no personal delay. Tanaji immediately set aside the celebrations, remarking:

"Pahile kondhanache lagna, mag Rayabache!"

("First the wedding of Kondhana, then the wedding of Rayaba!")

                                [KONDHANA FORTRESS]

                                        ^

                                 300ft Cliff Face

                              (Donagiri Precipice)

                                        ^

                              [Rope Ladders / Crawl]

                                        ^

                        [300 Maratha Vanguard (Tanaji)]

                                        ^

                      [Night Approach through Dense Cover]

On a pitch-black, moonless night (Saptami of Magha), Tanaji led a force of roughly 1,000 Marathas. Standard military logic dictates that a heavily fortified hill fort, manned by 1,500 well-equipped Rajput and Mughal troops, requires a besieging force of at least 3:1. Tanaji turned this ratio on its head using vertical surprise.

He selected the Donagiri cliff—a sheer, near-vertical 300-foot rock face on the fort's western side that the defenders deemed entirely unscalable and left lightly guarded. Utilizing local reptiles (ghorpads or monitor lizards) to anchor guide ropes—or employing expert rock-climbers trained in local terrain—the vanguard scaled the precipice in silence.

Once 300 Marathas had topped the cliff, the alarm was raised. What followed was a violent, close-quarters melee. Tanaji fought at the very spearhead of the attack. In the fierce duel with the garrison commander, Udaybhan, Tanaji’s shield broke. Unyielding, he wrapped his turban around his left arm to parry blows while striking with his right, continuing to command until he fell mortally wounded.

Spurred by his sacrifice, his brother Suryaji and commander Shelar Mama rallied the troops, secured the gates, and routed the garrison. When Shivaji Maharaj arrived to inspect the secured fortress and heard of his commander's demise, his victory turned to profound grief, prompting his immortal declaration:

"Gad ala, pan sinh gela!"

("The fort is won, but the lion is lost!")

3. Tactics & Lessons for Modern Warfare (06:00 – 11:00)

Let us break down Tanaji’s operational execution into core tactical principles and examine their direct translation to modern military operations:

+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+

| Historical Tactic (Kondhana 1670) | Modern Military Application       |

+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+

| Vertical Scaling of Donagiri Cliff| Special Operations / Infiltration |

| Silent Night Infiltration         | Night Vision / Low-Observable Ops |

| Personal Lead at the Vanguard     | "Service Before Self" Leadership  |

| Mission Prioritization over Self  | Command Ethos & Duty              |

| Leveraged 1:5 Force Ratio         | Asymmetric Warfare                |

+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+

  • Surprise & Innovation:
    • Historical Execution: Bypassing the heavily defended gates to scale an "unclimbable" vertical cliff under cover of darkness.
    • Modern Relevance: This is the foundational logic of modern Special Forces insertions. Whether it is an airborne drop behind enemy lines, amphibious combat swimmer operations, or heliborne assault, achieving tactical surprise by entering via the vector the enemy considers impassable remains a force multiplier.
  • Terrain Exploitation & Night Operations:
    • Historical Execution: Mastering the micro-geography of the Sahyadris and using night cover to neutralize the enemy’s superior firepower and numbers.
    • Modern Relevance: Essential in mountain warfare and counter-insurgency. In high-altitude environments like Siachen, Kargil, or Eastern Ladakh, the terrain is as much an adversary as the enemy. Master the terrain, and you master the battle.
  • Leadership by Example:
    • Historical Execution: Tanaji did not send his men up the rope from a rear command post; he climbed among the first and led the assault directly.
    • Modern Relevance: Embodies the NDA motto, "Service Before Self." In high-intensity combat, troops do not follow staff orders; they follow leaders who share their physical risks and demonstrate tactical competence under fire.
  • Asymmetric Capability & Morale:
    • Historical Execution: Overcoming a entrenched garrison through speed, violence of action, and psychological momentum.
    • Modern Relevance: Demonstrates how force multiplication works in modern hybrid warfare—where agility, intelligence, and morale offset numerical or technological superiority.

4. Relevance to NDA Cadets 

Why must a cadet at the National Defence Academy study Kondhana?

[Historical Study] ---> [Strategic Imagination] ---> [Decisive Tactical Command]

As future platoon, company, and battalion commanders, you will face operational friction, degraded communications, and asymmetric threats. Technology changes, weapons evolve, but the core mechanics of human conflict remain constant.

  1. Developing Strategic Imagination: Studying military history is not about memorizing dates; it is about building a mental library of tactical options. Tanaji’s assault teaches you to look at a terrain map and ask: "Where does the enemy feel most secure?" That is where your opportunity lies.
  2. Moral Courage and Decisive Action: When Tanaji’s shield broke, he did not retreat. He wrapped his arm in cloth and continued to fight. In modern command, when plans fail—and they often do—a commander must improvise, adapt, and press the initiative.
  3. Internalizing Indian Military Heritage: The Indian Armed Forces possess a rich, millennia-old martial tradition. Grounding your tactical education in historical Indian campaigns bridges timeless warrior values with contemporary joint warfare doctrines.

5. Closing 

Gentlemen, Tanaji Malusare’s legacy at Kondhana teaches us that bravery without innovation is wasteful, but innovation without bravery is inert. Combined, they alter the course of history.

As you train here in the shadow of these very same Sahyadri hills, remember that the uniform you will soon wear carries the weight of this heritage. Tanaji left his family obligations behind to answer the call of duty; he scaled the impossible and paid the ultimate price to secure the realm.

Take these tactical lessons with you into the lecture halls, onto the drill squares, and into the tactical exercises in the field. Imbibe his grit, his tactical ingenuity, and his unyielding commitment to the mission.

"This is not just history—it is a manual of leadership and courage."

If you carry this ethos forward, you will not only defend the borders of this republic, but you will also prove worthy of the glorious military tradition built by the lions who came before you.

Thank you. Jai Hind.

Friday, 21 August 2026

शूर भारतीय सागरी कर्मचाऱ्यांना राष्ट्राचा सलाम

 


भारतीय खलाशी आणि व्यापारी जहाजांवरील सागरी कर्मचारी हे देशाच्या तसेच जगाच्या व्यापारव्यवस्थेचे महत्त्वाचे आधारस्तंभ आहेत. जगातील सागरी कर्मचाऱ्यांमध्ये भारताचा सुमारे 12 टक्के वाटा असून भारत हा जगातील दुसऱ्या क्रमांकाचा मोठा पुरवठादार आहे.

ते तेल, वायू, अन्नधान्य, खते, औषधे, यंत्रसामग्री आणि निर्यातीचा माल सुरक्षितपणे एका देशातून दुसऱ्या देशात पोहोचवतात. त्यामुळे भारताच्या आयात-निर्यातीची साखळी आणि अर्थव्यवस्था चालू राहते.

आज हे भारतीय सागरी कर्मचारी अनेक धोकादायक समुद्री भागांत धैर्याने काम करत आहेत. रशिया-युक्रेन युद्ध, इराण-अमेरिका संघर्ष आणि सोमालियाच्या किनाऱ्याजवळ पुन्हा वाढलेली समुद्री चाचेगिरी यांमुळे त्यांच्यासमोर जीविताचा गंभीर धोका निर्माण झाला आहे.

संघर्षातील हानी

अलीकडील काळात काही भारतीय सागरी कर्मचाऱ्यांना युद्धाचा बळी पडावे लागले आहे. 8 मार्च 2026 पर्यंतच्या अधिकृत निवेदनानुसार, व्यापारी जहाजांवरील हल्ल्यांमध्ये दोन भारतीय सागरी कर्मचाऱ्यांचा मृत्यू झाला होता आणि एक कर्मचारी बेपत्ता होता.

ऑगस्टच्या सुरुवातीपर्यंत उपलब्ध असलेल्या वृत्तांनुसार, पश्चिम आशियातील संघर्षात मृत्यू झालेल्या 16 भारतीयांपैकी 10 जण हे व्यापारी जहाजांवरील भारतीय कर्मचारी होते. या संघर्षात 75 भारतीय जखमी झाल्याचेही सांगण्यात आले.

रशिया-युक्रेन युद्धामुळे कृष्ण समुद्राच्या परिसरातही भारतीयांना धोका निर्माण झाला आहे. या भागातील घटनांमध्ये पाच भारतीय सागरी कर्मचाऱ्यांचा मृत्यू आणि दोघे बेपत्ता असल्याचे वृत्त आहे.

ही आकडेवारी वेगवेगळ्या कालखंडांतील आणि वेगवेगळ्या अहवालांतील आहे. म्हणून मृत, जखमी, बेपत्ता आणि ओलीस अशा सर्व घटनांची एकत्रित नियमित अधिकृत नोंद भारताने सार्वजनिक करणे आवश्यक आहे.

समुद्री चाच्यांचा धोका

सोमालियाच्या किनाऱ्याजवळ आणि एडनच्या आखातात समुद्री चाचे पुन्हा सक्रिय झाले आहेत. ते व्यापारी जहाजांवर शस्त्रांसह चढतात, जहाजाचा ताबा घेतात आणि खलाशांना ओलीस ठेवून खंडणीची मागणी करतात.

जुलैच्या अखेरीस त्या परिसरात 16 भारतीय सागरी कर्मचारी चाच्यांच्या ओलीसमध्ये असल्याचे वृत्त होते. ऑगस्टमध्ये दोन व्यापारी जहाजे चाच्यांनी ताब्यात घेतल्याच्या घटनांमध्ये एकूण 22 भारतीय कर्मचारी होते; त्या वेळी ते सुरक्षित असल्याचे सांगण्यात आले होते.

ओलीस असलेल्या खलाशांना जखम, अपुरे अन्न-पाणी, औषधांचा अभाव, मानसिक ताण, कुटुंबाशी संपर्क तुटणे आणि दीर्घकाळ बंदिवास यांसारखे धोके सहन करावे लागतात.

सागरी कर्मचाऱ्यांसमोरील धोके

भारतीय कर्मचारी अनेक प्रकारच्या धोक्यांचा सामना करतात:

  • क्षेपणास्त्र, ड्रोन आणि रॉकेट हल्ले
  • समुद्रात टाकलेल्या खाणी किंवा भटकणाऱ्या सागरी खाणी
  • बंदरांवरील हल्ले आणि जहाजांचे नुकसान
  • चुकीच्या ओळखीमुळे लक्ष्य होण्याचा धोका
  • समुद्री चाचे, सशस्त्र दरोडेखोर आणि ओलीस बनविण्याचे प्रकार
  • जहाजावर पुरेसे अन्न, औषधे, इंधन किंवा सुटे भाग मिळणे
  • युद्धक्षेत्रात दीर्घकाळ अडकून पडणे आणि वेळेवर कर्मचारी बदल होणे
  • थकवा, चिंता, मानसिक तणाव आणि कुटुंबीयांची काळजी

व्यापारी जहाजे ही लढाऊ युद्धनौका नसतात. त्यांच्याकडे क्षेपणास्त्रे किंवा आधुनिक ड्रोन हल्ले रोखण्याची क्षमता नसते. त्यामुळे अशा जहाजांवरील कर्मचारी प्रत्यक्ष युद्धात सहभागी नसतानाही युद्धाचे बळी ठरतात.

ते स्वतःचे संरक्षण कसे करतात

भारतीय खलाशी आणि जहाजांचे अधिकारी धोकादायक भागांत अत्यंत सावधगिरीने काम करतात. ते पुढील उपाय करतात:

  • प्रवासापूर्वी मार्ग, बंदरे आणि धोके यांचे सविस्तर मूल्यांकन
  • सतत पहारा, विशेषतः रात्री आणि चाचेगिरीच्या भागांत
  • संशयास्पद बोटी किंवा हालचालींची तात्काळ माहिती नौदल सुरक्षा केंद्रांना देणे
  • जहाजावर प्रवेश रोखण्यासाठी प्रकाशयोजना, तारांचे कुंपण, पाण्याचे फवारे आणि नियंत्रित प्रवेश
  • चाच्यांच्या हल्ल्याच्या वेळी सुरक्षित खोलीत, म्हणजेच सिटाडेलमध्ये, आश्रय घेणे
  • आग, पाणी शिरणे, ड्रोन हल्ला, जहाज सोडणे आणि वैद्यकीय आपत्कालीन परिस्थिती यांचे नियमित सराव
  • जहाजाचा मार्ग, माल आणि कर्मचाऱ्यांची माहिती सार्वजनिकपणे देणे
  • भारतीय नौदल, किनारक्षक दल आणि आंतरराष्ट्रीय सागरी सुरक्षा यंत्रणांशी संपर्क ठेवणे

हे सर्व उपाय महत्त्वाचे असले तरी ते पूर्ण संरक्षण देऊ शकत नाहीत. मोठ्या युद्धातील क्षेपणास्त्र, ड्रोन, समुद्री खाणी किंवा सशस्त्र चाचे यांच्यापासून व्यापारी जहाजाचे संरक्षण केवळ खलाशांच्या धैर्यावर सोपवता येणार नाही.

भारताने काय करावे

भारताने आपल्या सागरी कर्मचाऱ्यांच्या सुरक्षेसाठी ठोस राष्ट्रीय धोरण स्वीकारले पाहिजे.

  • युद्धग्रस्त किंवा अतिधोकादायक समुद्री भागात जाण्यापूर्वी कर्मचाऱ्यांना स्पष्ट आणि खरी माहिती दिली पाहिजे
  • कोणत्याही भारतीय कर्मचाऱ्याला जीवितधोका असलेल्या क्षेत्रात जाण्यास नकार देण्याचा अधिकार असावा
  • नकार दिल्यामुळे नोकरी, वेतन किंवा भविष्यातील रोजगारावर विपरीत परिणाम होऊ नये
  • सर्व भारतीय खलाशांसाठी युद्धजोखीम विमा, मृत्यू अपंगत्व भरपाई आणि जखमींसाठी उपचाराची हमी असावी
  • ओलीस झालेल्या कर्मचाऱ्यांचे वेतन बंद होऊ नये; त्यांच्या कुटुंबांना आर्थिक आणि मानसिक आधार दिला पाहिजे
  • परराष्ट्र मंत्रालय, नौवहन मंत्रालय, डीजी शिपिंग, भारतीय नौदल, तटरक्षक दल आणि गुप्तचर यंत्रणांनी संयुक्त संकट नियंत्रण कक्ष उभारावा
  • युद्धग्रस्त क्षेत्रांतील भारतीय कर्मचाऱ्यांची अद्ययावत नोंद ठेवली पाहिजे
  • कुटुंबीयांना योग्य, वेळेवर आणि अधिकृत माहिती दिली पाहिजे
  • एडनचा आखात, अरबी समुद्र, लाल समुद्र आणि सोमालियाच्या किनाऱ्याजवळ नौदलाची गस्त, देखरेख आणि सहकार्य वाढवले पाहिजे
  • चाचेगिरीच्या भागात धोकादायक जहाजांना शक्य तेथे नौदल संरक्षण किंवा सामूहिक ताफा पद्धतीने मार्गदर्शन दिले पाहिजे
  • चुकीची माहिती देणाऱ्या, कर्मचाऱ्यांवर दबाव आणणाऱ्या किंवा परत पाठविण्यास टाळाटाळ करणाऱ्या जहाज व्यवस्थापन भरती संस्थांवर कठोर कारवाई झाली पाहिजे

भारताचा अभिमान

भारतीय सागरी कर्मचारी हे केवळ जहाजावरील कामगार नाहीत. ते भारताच्या ऊर्जा सुरक्षेचे, अन्नपुरवठ्याचे, औद्योगिक उत्पादनाचे, परकीय व्यापाराचे आणि राष्ट्रीय अर्थव्यवस्थेचे अदृश्य रक्षक आहेत.

ते आपल्या कुटुंबापासून हजारो किलोमीटर दूर, वादळे, युद्ध, क्षेपणास्त्रे, ड्रोन, चाचे आणि अनिश्चिततेचा सामना करीत कर्तव्य बजावतात. भारताच्या बंदरांपर्यंत आवश्यक तेल, वायू, खते, धान्य आणि इतर जीवनावश्यक वस्तू पोहोचत राहाव्यात यासाठी ते शांतपणे आपली जबाबदारी पार पाडतात.

राष्ट्राने या शूर भारतीयांना केवळ शब्दांनी नव्हे, तर मजबूत सुरक्षा व्यवस्था, तात्काळ मदत, न्याय्य भरपाई आणि त्यांच्या कुटुंबांच्या सन्मानपूर्ण काळजीद्वारे सलाम केला पाहिजे. भारतातील प्रत्येक नागरिकाने या धाडसी सागरी योद्ध्यांप्रती कृतज्ञता व्यक्त करणे हे आपले कर्तव्य आहे.