Mega river-interlinking projects were first envisioned in the 1980s as a solution to growing water stress across India. However, it has taken four decades for the first such initiative — the Ken-Betwa link — to move from concept to execution. This delay underscores the complexities and challenges associated with such ambitious and expensive undertakings. The Prime Minister’s remarks during the foundation stone-laying ceremony emphasized the critical importance of water security in the 21st century, highlighting the government’s determination to pursue river-linking as a strategy.
The intent behind these projects is clear: to transfer water from surplus river basins to deficit ones via reservoirs and canals, transforming water-scarce regions into productive areas. While proponents assert that environmental risks have been adequately assessed, significant concerns persist about the long-term impacts of altering natural water systems on such a massive scale.
Scope and Justification of the Projects
The National Water Development Agency has proposed 30 river-linking projects, spanning both Himalayan and peninsular regions, with an estimated budget of $168 billion. The expected benefits include greater equity in water distribution, enhanced flood control, drought mitigation, and increased hydropower generation capacity. These compelling objectives provide a strong rationale for the projects.
However, caution is warranted. Research suggests that such hydro-engineering projects could disrupt monsoon cycles and destabilize delicate hydro-meteorological systems. Moreover, the ecological destruction associated with these initiatives is a serious concern.
The Need for a Pragmatic Approach
To navigate these challenges, a pragmatic approach is essential. Those involved in executing these projects must remain open to revisiting and refining their plans based on informed feedback. The Ken-Betwa project serves as a test case for leveraging science to balance the benefits and risks, offering solutions to complex environmental patterns while minimizing harm.
Addressing the Missing Link in Water Conservation
A collective effort to conserve water remains an overlooked aspect of public policy. Alongside prioritizing large-scale river-linking projects, the government must invest in research to develop affordable and efficient technologies. These should include advancements in irrigation practices, wastewater recycling, and the sanitation of polluted water sources.
By combining innovative water conservation methods with a cautious, science-driven approach to river interlinking, India can move closer to addressing its water security challenges while safeguarding its ecological balance.
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