Total Pageviews

Showing posts with label #INDIAN ARMY. Show all posts
Showing posts with label #INDIAN ARMY. Show all posts

Sunday, 2 August 2026

*Commonwealth Games 2026* *Indian Army Performance (As on 29 Jul 2026)*ЁЯЗоЁЯЗ│Nb Sub Sarvesh Kushare* (High Jump) Became the *first Indian to win a silver medal in the men's high jump at the Commonwealth Games.*

 


The Indian Army continues to make a significant contribution to Team India, with 19 Army sportspersons selected (18 from MOW disciplines + 1 in Judo).
Performance So Far

• 11 medals won/assured
• ⁠3 Silver medals won
• ⁠8 Boxing medals assured (all semi-finalists)

*Boxing – The Biggest Contributor.*

• Army forms 78.57% of India's boxing contingent (11 of 14 boxers).
• 8 of 11 Army boxers (72.7%) have reached the semi-finals, assuring medals.
• Women Lead the Charge. A remarkable performance by the Army women boxers with 4 of 4 women boxers (100%) have entered the semi-finals, assuring medals.
Hav Sakshi (51 kg)
Nb Sub Preeti (54 kg)
Nb Sub Jasmine (57 kg)
Hav Arundhati (70 kg)

*Other Highlights*

The three Army athletes achieved the following notable records and historic milestones :-

• *Nb Sub Gulveer Singh* (Athletics – 10,000 m)
Became the *first Indian ever to win a Commonwealth Games medal in the men's 10,000 m, claiming a historic silver medal.*

• *Nb Sub Sarvesh Kushare* (High Jump) Became the *first Indian to win a silver medal in the men's high jump at the Commonwealth Games.*

• *Hav Valluri Ajaya Babu* (Weightlifting – 79 kg) Set a *Commonwealth Games record in the Snatch with a lift of 149 kg.*

Two Army para athletes compete on 1 Aug, while two Army athletes remain in contention in the 400 m hurdles. 

Saturday, 18 October 2025

Forces First Conclave 2025 – co-hosted by Republic Media Network and Centre for Land Warfare Studies (CLAWS), -Context and Strategic Significance

 


The Forces First Conclave 2025 came at a defining moment in India’s national security narrative — shortly after the decisive success of Operation Sindoor, India’s largest joint military operation since Kargil. The event, co-hosted by Republic Media Network and Centre for Land Warfare Studies (CLAWS), symbolised a unique partnership between the armed forces, the strategic community, and the media — aimed at shaping both domestic and international perception about the new face of Indian warfare.

Chief of Army Staff General Upendra Dwivedi’s keynote set the tone by describing the world as being in an era of “profound flux,” marked by a triad of competition, contestation, and conflict. With over 56 active global conflicts involving 90 nations, the General’s message was clear — India is prepared to fight, adapt, and win in this new environment.

 

Communicating the Victory of Operation Sindoor to Pakistan and Adversaries

Strategic Signalling

By allowing senior Indian Army officers in uniform to speak openly about Operation Sindoor — its planning, execution, and aftermath — India was sending a strategic message to Pakistan and its patrons. The message was twofold:

·       India’s military response is no longer reactive but proactive.
Operation Sindoor demonstrated India’s ability to deliver calibrated punitive strikes without escalating into a full-scale war.

·       India’s precision warfare capabilities have matured.
The discussion on networked intelligence, joint operations, drone warfare, and indigenous systems like BrahMos and Akash-Teer showcased India’s growing technological edge.

Psychological Impact on Pakistan

Publicly discussing Operation Sindoor in a high-visibility forum also carried a psychological warfare (PsyOps) element. It reminded Pakistan that:

  • India possesses dominance in both kinetic and information domains.
  • The Indian Army has the political backing, technological means, and operational confidence to repeat Sindoor-type actions if provoked again.
  • Pakistan’s narrative of being a nuclear deterrent power no longer shields it from Indian military precision responses.

Thus, the conclave served as a controlled display of capability and intent, a subtle deterrent message designed for both Rawalpindi and Beijing.

 

 Shaping Global (Especially Western) Media Narratives

Breaking the Western Media Bias

Western media narratives often portray India–Pakistan hostilities through a “nuclear South Asia” lens, equating both countries as unstable rivals. By holding the Forces First Conclave under a media partnership, India effectively bypassed traditional Western gatekeepers of security discourse.

The Republic Media–CLAWS format:

  • Amplified the Indian narrative globally through televised coverage and digital clips accessible to global think tanks, defence analysts, and journalists.
  • Reframed Operation Sindoor not as a “border skirmish” but as a legitimate counter-terrorism campaign conducted under international law and with restraint.
  • Highlighted India’s commitment to rules-based warfare while exposing Pakistan’s continued reliance on terrorist proxies.

Narrative Ownership

Instead of letting external media speculate or distort, India took ownership of the narrative.

  • The seminar’s structured messaging and expert moderation ensured that operational details were shared responsibly, without breaching security.
  • The emphasis was on concepts of modern warfighting — jointness, adaptability, and technological convergence — thus projecting India as a modern, professional, and ethical military power.

In short, the conclave served as a strategic communication tool that positioned India as a responsible power, countering Pakistan’s and China’s attempts to manipulate global opinion.

 

Strengthening Domestic Confidence and Public–Military Bond

Reinforcing National Morale

For the Indian public, Operation Sindoor was both a moment of pride and curiosity. However, in the age of social media and disinformation, the military’s achievements often get distorted or underreported.
By speaking directly through a televised national platform:

  • Senior officers could explain the operation’s objectives, challenges, and outcomes in relatable terms.
  • The public got a clear sense of how modern Indian warfare operates — using indigenous systems, intelligence integration, and precision targeting.

This enhanced public trust in the Army’s professionalism and leadership, transforming abstract “military success” into tangible national pride.

Civil–Military Integration

The event also reflected the maturing relationship between the military establishment and civil society. It showcased:

  • How academia (CLAWS), media (Republic), and the military can collaborate to educate the nation on security challenges.
  • A new model of defence communication where military thought is not confined to cantonments but shared with citizens in an informed, credible manner.

Such outreach strengthens the democratic foundation of India’s military ethos — an Army of the people, for the people.

 

Why Republic Media Network — and Not the Army — Hosted It

Media as a Strategic Multiplier

If the Indian Army had organised the conclave entirely by itself, it would likely have been seen as an internal military symposium with limited public reach. By partnering with a mass media network, the Army achieved mass penetration of its message without compromising professionalism.

Republic Media Network, known for its strong focus on national security and defence issues, offered:

  • High visibility and broadcast reach across India’s urban and rural audiences.
  • Media expertise in framing the narrative in a way that resonates with both citizens and policymakers.
  • A platform that allows uniformed officers to speak without appearing propagandistic — because the event was nominally a media–think tank initiative, not an official military event.

Civil–Military–Media Synergy

This hybrid approach — military expertise, think-tank framing, and media amplification — represents a new model of strategic communication in the information age.
It allowed the Army to:

  • Maintain operational confidentiality,
  • Shape narratives effectively, and
  • Avoid bureaucratic or political constraints that might limit an official Army event.

 

 Relevance of General Dwivedi’s Message: The “Age of Constant Conflict”

The Army Chief’s speech was the intellectual anchor of the conclave. His articulation of modern war through four lenses — Comprehensive Conflict, Cycle of Adaptation, Convergence of Capability, and Composition of Conflict — is deeply relevant to India’s evolving threat matrix.

  • Comprehensive Conflict: Future wars are not fought only by armies but through information, economy, cyber, and diplomacy.
  • Cycle of Adaptation: Success depends on how fast a force adapts to new realities — AI, drones, hybrid warfare, and grey-zone tactics.
  • Convergence of Capability: Integration of services (Army, Navy, Air Force) and indigenous technology is the key to sustained advantage.
  • Composition of Conflict: Wars are now multi-domain — blending conventional and unconventional means.

By framing Operation Sindhoor as an example of this new warfare model, Gen Dwivedi subtly communicated that India is no longer a reactive power but an adaptive one — capable of shaping the battlefield and the narrative simultaneously.

 

Broader Strategic Takeaways

·       Information Warfare as a Core Doctrine:
Operation Sindhoor proved that controlling the information domain is as critical as battlefield dominance. The conclave reinforced that doctrine in the public mind.

·       Defence Diplomacy through Public Engagement:
The event also served India’s defence diplomacy, as foreign military attach├йs and global think tanks followed it closely, taking cues about India’s operational doctrines.

·       Encouraging National Security Awareness:
The public exposure to strategic thinking nurtures a more informed citizenry, countering misinformation and improving resilience to psychological operations by adversaries.

·       Boost to Indigenous Defence Industry:
Highlighting indigenous systems in Operation Sindoor served as a soft endorsement of Make in India, boosting confidence in domestic R&D and defence production.

Summary Of General Upendra Dwivedi's Address

·       Across the world today, we have approximately 56 conflicts, which are raging on with approximately 90 Nations directly or indirectly. It keeps changing every day, keeps increasing, it's not decreasing by any chance. 

·       In today's war, four distinct trends stand out - Comprehensive Conflict, Cycle of Adaptation, Convergence of Capability, and Composition of Conflict

·       Operation Sindhoor reflected transformation in warfare, where diplomacy, deterrence and decisive force fused into a single expression of national resolve. 

·       In our case, the first and the fifth generations of warfare, i.e. trench warfare to AI and Quantum co-exist. That's a compulsion for us by virtue of our long land borders. They also compete with each other for same existing space.

·       Technology is leap-frogging beyond the speed of Moore's Law and has become the great battle-space equaliser transcending through various domains.

·       The face of war itself has changed as much as its form. Wars today are not just waged by soldiers but also by terrorist groups, militias like the Wagner Group, citizen-soldiers like the Ukrainians. 

·       Land remains the currency of victory. Unlike other domains where destruction may suffice, land warfare demands destruction, eviction, occupation and control that is physical, political and psychological. 

·       If land remains the currency of victory, then time remains the true test. We are seeing it in almost every ongoing conflict.

·       Self-reliant defence industrial capabilities are no longer optional. They form the foundation of integrating civilian infrastructure, technology and emerging concepts. If you believe in Aatmanirbhata, you have the flexibility to change the tenor and the pace of the war by flexibility in your modifications, adaptation and implementation of the latest technology.

·       Strategic autonomy, once seen as an end in itself, may increasingly evolve into strategic convenience or strategic hedging, where partnerships are shaped not by permanence but by pragmatism, even opportunism, few call it ‘constructivism’.

·       Conflicts in future war would be multidimensional but we would do well to remember that all other forms of modern warfare thrive only when backed by potent, precise and punitive conventional forces. 

·       Operation Sindoor was the first time armed forces were given 100 per cent freedom. Never ever I have seen this kind of a freedom given anywhere in the world. That is the kind of a synergy, politico-military fusion that makes India so great country today. 

·       The balance between legacy and leap is what will define success in the era of constant change.

·       How much is India prepared or responded? The answer lies in Operation Sindhoor. Every facet of modern warfare we discussed was evident in its planning and execution.

·       Operation Sindhoor was like a rhythmic orchestra where in all sounds played together in various decibels. Riflemen to Rashtra, Jawaan to Jahaan, all worked in harmony. In just 88 hours, a new chapter was written in the history of warfare. Pakistan was compelled to seek a cessation of hostilities as the operation shattered its illusion of impunity, struck deep into its heartland including Punjab and Rawalpindi and punctured the nuclear bogey that had long constrained conventional response. 

·       What we achieved through Operation Sindhoor was by deliberate design driven by foresight, preparation and organizational transformation and the tri-service synergy which became the strong point and which actually shook up the others that how can we be so closely working together and in unison. 

·       The Indian Army's decade of transformation commenced in 2023 during General Pandey's time to align its structures, doctrines and mindset with evolving warfare. 2024 and 2025 were declared as the years of technology absorption and the Defence Minister designated 2025 as the year of reforms, affirming that transformation is not an event but a continuum. 

·       Operation Sindoor also revealed a deeper truth about the changing character of war - Modern conflicts can no longer be confined to single domains. The same integration of land, air, cyber, space, information, electronic spectrum and even the academy and industry and on special request now the narrative management system by the media pointed to the future of warfare - that is multi-domain operations. 

·       As for India’s immediate neighbor hood is concerned, India’s civilizational vision of Vishwabandhu and Vishwamitra - these are the two aspects which guide us, seeking peace through equilibrium, friendship through strength and inclusivity through preparedness. 

·       Currently our immediate and extended neighborhood are experiencing some turbulence. Traditional rivalries, new alignments, internal transitions, everything is ongoing across South Asia, internal volatility, migration pressures and external influence. 

·       India and its armed forces will always remain a significant security provider in not only the immediate but also the extended neighbourhood. We need to remain pivotal to any whole-of-nation approach towards this assurance endeavour. 

·       We live in age of constant conflict and change. Our task  to stay prepared, to stay purposeful and stay ahead in the evolution of warfare. The Indian military stands ready, lethal in capability, resolute in character and united in cause. 

 

Conclusion

The Forces First Conclave 2025 was far more than a post-war debriefing — it was a strategic communication event of national significance.
By partnering with Republic Media Network and CLAWS, the Indian Army achieved three major objectives:

·       Deterrence Messaging to Pakistan and China — showcasing India’s readiness and capability.

·       Narrative Reclaiming from Western media — projecting India’s lawful and sophisticated military operations.

·       Public Empowerment — strengthening trust, morale, and understanding among citizens.

Allowing a media network to lead ensured reach, relatability, and realism — something an official Army seminar could not have matched. It was a masterstroke in modern strategic communication — where information dominance is the new battlefield


 

Sunday, 23 March 2025

ATMANIRBHAR BHARAT, India and Italy bilateral defence ties -ENCOUNTER IN KATHUA-MANIPUR POLICE & SOCIAL MEDIA-joint military exercise 'Khanjar-12' between India and Kyrgyzstan

 

The parliamentary standing committee on defence has urged India to incrementally enhance its own defence production capabilities to reduce dependence on foreign suppliers to strategically acceptable levels. This recommendation comes in light of delays from U.S. firm GE in supplying engines, which have hindered the state-owned HAL from delivering Tejas Mark 1A fighter jets to the Indian Air Force. The committee noted that obstacles such as time overruns by defence PSUs and reliance on imported components are primary reasons for these delays, highlighting the need for improved domestic production in their report submitted to Parliament.

 

India and Italy reviewed their bilateral defence ties during the 13th India-Italy Military Cooperation Group meeting held in Rome on March 20-21. The meeting was co-chaired by the Deputy Assistant Chief of Integrated Defence Staff IDC (A) from HQ IDS India and the Deputy Head of the Strategic Direction and Military Cooperation Division of the Italian Defence General Staff. Key agenda items included enhancing exchange programs, developing military capabilities, and strengthening collaboration between the armed forces of both nations. The discussions also involved reviewing ongoing defence engagements and identifying ways to optimise future interactions_Pnr.

 

The Indian Army on Friday handed over the bodies of two local youths, who went missing from Uri, Jammu and Kashmir, on March 5, to their respective families. Yasir Hussain Shah and Asiya Bano had drowned in the Jhelum, according to an Army statement. "The bodies had drifted across the Line of Control towards Chakothi in Pakistan-occupied Jammu and Kashmir”. The Pakistan Army handed over the bodies to the Indian Army after the Indian Army located the bodies and informed the Pakistan Army.

A gunfight broke out on Sunday in the Kathua district of J&K between security forces and a group of terrorists discovered in a nursery in Saniyal, about 5 km from the international border. Following intelligence reports, personnel from the Indian Army Rising Star Corps, BSF, and the SOG J&K Police mobilised for a joint operation. The encounter began when a couple collecting wood in the forest alerted authorities after spotting the terrorists. A multi-tier cordon around the area where militants opened fire on the security forces has been established. There were reports of attempts to take civilians as hostages.

 

Manipur Police has filed six FIRs against WhatsApp groups for allegedly spreading fake and inflammatory news in the Churachandpur district, creating public fear and alarm. Recent shutdowns and violence have prompted extensive operations by Indian Army, Assam Rifle and Manipur Police, recovering weapons, ammunition, explosives, and other items across eight districts, including Thoubal, Bishnupur, and Churachandpur. A joint operation by Border Security Force and Mizoram Police also seized a large cache of ammunition in Lunglei district, near unfenced borders with Bangladesh and Myanmar. Efforts to restore peace are ongoing, with arrests made in connection to smuggling activities. The Union government remains committed to ensuring stability in the region

 

 The joint military exercise 'Khanjar-12' between India and Kyrgyzstan, held from March 10 to March 23 in Tokmok, Kyrgyzstan, successfully concluded. This annual exercise, initiated in 2011, aims to enhance military collaboration, hone high-altitude combat skills, and improve anti-terrorism strategies. Participants included India’s Parachute Regiment (Special Forces) and Kyrgyzstan’s Scorpion Brigade, focusing on sniping, urban infiltration, mountain warfare, and counter-terrorism operations. The exercise also celebrated cultural ties, marking the Nowruz festival, and saw awards given to soldiers for exemplary performance. Senior officials from both nations highlighted the importance of such exercises in strengthening regional stability and defence cooperation_RS, HB, AU.

Researchers at the IIT Guwahati, through their startup "The Spatio Robotics Laboratory Private Limited" (DSRL), have developed advanced AI-powered robots for monitoring international borders, especially in challenging terrains. These robots provide seamless real-time surveillance and have received recognition from the DRDO for their potential integration into India's defence infrastructure. Unlike traditional security measures like drones or patrols, these autonomous robotic systems overcome terrain and weather challenges, ensuring uninterrupted 24/7 monitoring. The Indian Army is already conducting field tests, and these robots are expected to play a crucial role in border security, infrastructure monitoring, and strategic defence applications.

A month after the collapse of the Srisailam Left Bank Canal tunnel in Telangana, search operations continue for eight workers trapped inside, including Sunny Singh, the nephew of Gulab Singh, who has been at the site since the incident. The collapse occurred on February 22, and while the body of one worker, Gurpreet Singh, was recovered on March 9, hopes are fading as seven workers remain missing amidst difficult rescue conditions. The rescue teams, including personnel from the NDRF, SDRF, and the Indian Army, are facing challenges such as intermittent flooding, debris, and a broken Tunnel Boring Machine.

Thursday, 16 January 2025

рд╕рдорд░्рде рднाрд░рдд, рд╕рдорд░्рде рд╕ेрдиा рдм्рд░िрдЧेрдбिрдЕрд░ рд╣ेрдоंрдд рдорд╣ाрдЬрди MAHARASHTRA TIMES

рднाрд░рддीрдп рд▓рд╖्рдХрд░ाрдЪा рдЖрдЬ ренрен рд╡ा рд╕्рдеाрдкрдиा рджिрди. рдпंрджा рдкрд╣िрд▓्рдпांрджाрдЪ рд▓рд╖्рдХрд░рджिрдиाрдЪे рдоुрдЦ्рдп рд╕ंрдЪрд▓рди рдкुрдг्рдпाрдд рд╣ोрдд рдЖрд╣े. рдпाрдиिрдоिрдд्рддाрдиे рдпा рд╕ंрдЪрд▓рдиाрд╡िрд╖рдпी рдЖрдгि рднाрд░рддीрдп рд▓рд╖्рдХрд░ाрдЪ्рдпा рд╕рдж्рдпрд╕्рдеिрддीрд╡िрд╖рдпीрдЪा рд╣ा рдЙрд╣ाрдкोрд╣

рднाрд░рддीрдп рд▓рд╖्рдХрд░ाрдЪे рдкрд╣िрд▓े рдХрдоांрдбрд░ рдЗрди рдЪीрдл (рдкुрдвे рд╣े рдкрдж рдЪीрдл рдСрдл рдЖрд░्рдоी рд╕्рдЯाрдл-(рд▓рд╖्рдХрд░рдк्рд░рдоुрдЦ )рдЕрд╕े рдЭाрд▓े.) рдЬрдирд░рд▓ (рдкुрдвे рдлीрд▓्рдб рдоाрд░्рд╢рд▓) рдПрдо. рдХे. рдХрд░िрдЕрдк्рдкा рдпांрдиी резрел рдЬाрдиेрд╡ाрд░ी резрепрекреп рд░ोрдЬी рддрдд्рдХाрд▓ीрди рдм्рд░िрдЯीрд╢ рдХрдоांрдбрд░ рдЗрди рдЪीрдл рдпांрдЪ्рдпाрдХрдбूрди рд╕ूрдд्рд░े рд╕्рд╡ीрдХाрд░рд▓ी. рддीрди рд╡рд░्рд╖ांрдкूрд░्рд╡ीрдкрд░्рдпंрдд рд▓рд╖्рдХрд░ рджिрди рдХाрдпрдо рджрд░рд╡рд░्рд╖ी рджिрд▓्рд▓ी рдХॅрди्рдЯोрди्рдоेंрдЯрдордз्рдпे рд╕ाрдЬрд░ा рдХेрд▓ा рдЬाрдд рдЕрд╕े. рддिрдеे рдпा рджिрд╡рд╢ी рд╕ंрдЪрд▓рдиाрдиंрддрд░ рд▓рд╖्рдХрд░ी рд╢ौрд░्рдп, рд╕ेрд╡ा рд╡ рдЕрди्рдп рдкुрд░рд╕्рдХाрд░ांрдЪे рд╡िрддрд░рдг рдХेрд▓े рдЬाрддे.рд▓рд╖्рдХрд░ рджिрдиाрдЪे рд╣े рджिрдоाрдЦрджाрд░ рд╕ंрдЪрд▓рди рджेрд╢рднрд░ाрддीрд▓ рд╡िрд╡िрдз рдаिрдХाрдгी рдШेрдг्рдпाрдд рдпाрд╡े, рдЕрд╕ा рдиिрд░्рдгрдп рдХेंрдж्рд░ рд╕рд░рдХाрд░рдиे рддीрди рд╡рд░्рд╖ांрдкूрд░्рд╡ी рдШेрддрд▓ा. рдЬेрдгेрдХрд░ूрди рд╡िрд╡िрдз рдаिрдХाрдгрдЪ्рдпा рдиाрдЧрд░िрдХांрдиाрд╣ी рдЖрдкрд▓्рдпा рд▓рд╖्рдХрд░ी рд╕ाрдорд░्рде्рдпाрдЪे, рд╢िрд╕्рддीрдЪे рджрд░्рд╢рди рдШрдбेрд▓. рдд्рдпाрдиुрд╕ाрд░ рдкрд╣िрд▓े рд╕ंрдЪрд▓рди рдмेंрдЧрд▓ुрд░ू рдпेрдеे рддрд░ рджुрд╕рд░े рд▓рдЦрдиौ рдпेрдеे рдкाрд░ рдкрдбрд▓े. рддрд░ рддिрд╕рд▒्рдпा рд╡рд░्рд╖ी рдпंрджा рдкрд╣िрд▓्рдпांрджाрдЪ рд╣े рд╕ंрдЪрд▓рди рдкुрдг्рдпाрдд рд╣ोрдд рдЖрд╣े. рджрд░рд╡рд░्рд╖ी рд╡िрд╡िрдз рдаिрдХाрдгी рд╣े рд╕ंрдЪрд▓рди рдХрд░рдг्рдпाрдЪा рдиिрд░्рдгрдп рд╕्рд╡ाрдЧрддाрд░्рд╣ рдЕрд╕ूрди рдд्рдпाрдоुрд│े рдд्рдпा рдд्рдпा рднाрдЧाрддрд▓े рд▓ोрдХ рд▓рд╖्рдХрд░ाрд╢ी рдЕрдзिрдХ рдЪांрдЧрд▓्рдпा рдкрдж्рдзрддीрдиे рдЬोрдбрд▓े рдЬाрддीрд▓. рддिрдерд▓्рдпा рдпुрд╡рдХांрдиाрд╣ी рд▓рд╖्рдХрд░ाрдд рдЬाрдг्рдпाрдЪी рдк्рд░ेрд░рдгा рдоिрд│ेрд▓.

 

рдкुрдгे рд╣ी рд▓рд╖्рдХрд░ाрд╕ाрдаी рдЕрддिрд╢рдп рдорд╣рдд्рдд्рд╡ाрдЪी рдЬाрдЧा рдЖрд╣े. рд▓рд╖्рдХрд░ाрдЪ्рдпा рднाрд░рддाрддीрд▓ рджुрд╕рд▒्рдпा рдХ्рд░рдоांрдХाрдЪ्рдпा рд╕ंрд╕्рдеा, рдЬाрдЧा рдкुрдг्рдпाрдордз्рдпे рдЖрд╣ेрдд.рд╕ाрдд-рдЖрда рд░ाрдЬ्рдпांंрдордз्рдпे рдХाрд░्рдпрдХ्рд╖ेрдд्рд░ рдЕрд╕рд▓ेрд▓्рдпा рджрдХ्рд╖िрдг рд╡िрднाрдЧाрдЪे рдоुрдЦ्рдпाрд▓рдп, рд░ाрд╖्рдЯ्рд░ीрдп рд╕ंрд░рдХ्рд╖рдг рдк्рд░рдмोрдзिрдиी, рд▓рд╖्рдХрд░ी рд╡ैрдж्рдпрдХीрдп рдорд╣ाрд╡िрдж्рдпाрд▓рдп, рд▓рд╖्рдХрд░ी рдЕрднिрдпांрдд्рд░िрдХी рдорд╣ाрд╡िрдж्рдпाрд▓рдп рдЕрд╢ा рдЕрдиेрдХ рд╕ंрд╕्рдеा рдкुрдг्рдпाрддрдЪ рдЖрд╣ेрдд. рдпाрд╢िрд╡ाрдп рдкुрдг्рдпाрдд рдХाрд╣ी рдорд╣рдд्рдд्рд╡ाрдЪे рд▓рд╖्рдХрд░ी рддрд│рд╣ी рдЖрд╣ेрдд. рд╕ंрд░рдХ्рд╖рдг рд╕ंрд╢ोрдзрди рд╡ рд╡िрдХाрд╕ рд╕ंрд╕्рдеेрдЪ्рдпा (рдбीрдЖрд░рдбीрдУ) рд╡िрд╡िрдз рдк्рд░рдпोрдЧрд╢ाрд│ा, рдЖрдШाрдбीрдЪ्рдпा рд╢ैрдХ्рд╖рдгिрдХ рд╡ рд╕ंрд╢ोрдзрди рд╕ंрд╕्рдеांрдЪे рдЬाрд│े рдпाрдоुрд│े рдкुрдгे рдХॅрди्рдЯोрди्рдоेंрдЯрд▓ा рд▓рд╖्рдХрд░ी рдирдХाрд╢ाрдд рдоाрдиाрдЪे рд╕्рдеाрди рдЖрд╣े. рдд्рдпाрдоुрд│े рд▓рд╖्рдХрд░ рджिрдиाрдЪे рд╕ंрдЪрд▓рди рдкुрдг्рдпाрдд рд╣ोрдг्рдпाрд▓ा рдПрдХ рд╡ेрдЧрд│ेрдЪ рдорд╣рдд्рдд्рд╡ рдЖрд╣े. рдпा рдХाрд░्рдпрдХ्рд░рдоाрдкूрд░्рд╡ी рдПрдХ рддे рджोрди рдЖрдард╡рдбे рд╡िрд╡िрдз рдХाрд░्рдпрдХ्рд░рдоांрдЪे рдЖрдпोрдЬрди рдХрд░рдг्рдпाрдд рдЖрд▓े рд╣ोрддे. рдпाрддрдиो рдпुрдЕрд░ рдЖрд░्рдоीрдпा рдк्рд░рджрд░्рд╢рдиाрд▓ा рдкुрдгेрдХрд░ांрдиी рдк्рд░рдЪंрдб рдк्рд░рддिрд╕ाрдж рджिрд▓ा. рдд्рдпाрдоुрд│े рд▓ोрдХांрдиा рд▓рд╖्рдХрд░ рдЬाрдгूрди рдШेрддा рдЖрд▓े, рд▓рд╖्рдХрд░ाрдЪे рд╕ाрдорд░्рде्рдп рдЕрдиुрднрд╡рддा рдЖрд▓े, рд╢рд╕्рдд्рд░े рдЬрд╡рд│ूрди рдкाрд╣рддा рдЖрд▓ी. рдд्рдпाрдЪрдк्рд░рдоाрдгे рдЖрддा рд╕ंрдЪрд▓рдиाрд╕ाрдаीрд╣ी рдЙрдд्рддрдо рд╡्рдпрд╡рд╕्рдеा рдХрд░рдг्рдпाрдд рдЖрд▓ी рдЖрд╣े. рдЬ्рдпांрдиा рдЬाрдгे рд╢рдХ्рдп рд╣ोрдгाрд░ рдиाрд╣ी, рдд्рдпांрдиा рдд्рдпाрдЪे рдеेрдЯ рдк्рд░рд╕ाрд░рдгрд╣ी рдкाрд╣рддा рдпेрдИрд▓. рдд्рдпाрдж्рд╡ाрд░े рдкुрдгेрдХрд░ рдпा рд╕ंрдЪрд▓рдиाрд▓ा рдЙрдд्рддрдо рдк्рд░рддिрд╕ाрдж рджेрддीрд▓. рд╡ рдд्рдпाрдж्рд╡ाрд░े рдкुрдгेрдХрд░ांрдЪे рд▓рд╖्рдХрд░ाрд╡рд░ीрд▓ рдк्рд░ेрдо, рд▓рд╖्рдХрд░ाрд╡िрд╖рдпीрдЪी рдЖрдкुрд▓рдХी рдЖрдгрдЦी рд╡ाрдвीрд╕ рд▓ाрдЧेрд▓ рдпाрдЪी рдорд▓ा рдЦाрдд्рд░ी рдЖрд╣े.

 

рднाрд░рддीрдпрд▓рд╖्рдХрд░ рдЕрдд्рдпंрдд рд╡्рдпाрд╡рд╕ाрдпिрдХ рдЖрдгि рдЬрдЧाрддीрд▓ рд╕рд░्рд╡ोрдд्рддрдо рд▓рд╖्рдХрд░ांрдкैрдХी рдПрдХ рдЖрд╣े. рдХोрдгрдд्рдпाрд╣ी рдк्рд░рдХाрд░рдЪ्рдпा рдЖрд╡्рд╣ाрдиांрдиा рд╕ाрдоोрд░े рдЬाрдг्рдпाрд╕ाрдаी рднाрд░рддीрдп рд▓рд╖्рдХрд░ рд╕рдХ्рд╖рдо рдЖрдгि рд╕ुрд╕рдЬ्рдЬ рдЖрд╣े, рдЕрд╢ी рдЧ्рд╡ाрд╣ी рдиुрдХрддीрдЪ рд▓рд╖्рдХрд░рдк्рд░рдоुрдЦ рдЬрдирд░рд▓ рдЙрдкेंрдж्рд░ рдж्рд╡िрд╡ेрджी рдпांрдиी рдоाрдз्рдпрдоांрд╢ी рдмोрд▓рддाрдиा рджिрд▓ी. рднाрд░рдд рдЪीрди рд╕ीрдоा рд╕рдз्рдпा рд╢ांрдд рдЖрд╣े. рдоाрдд्рд░, рд╕ीрдоा рд╡ाрдж рд╕ंрдкрд▓ेрд▓ा рдиाрд╣ी. рдкрд░ंрддु, рдЪीрди рд╕ीрдоेрд╡рд░ рдХुрдард▓्рдпाрд╣ी рдк्рд░рдХाрд░рдЪे рдЖрд╡्рд╣ाрди рдЙрднे рд░ाрд╣िрд▓े, рддрд░ी рдд्рдпाрд▓ा рдЪोрдЦ рдк्рд░рдд्рдпुрдд्рддрд░ рдж्рдпाрдпрд▓ा рднाрд░рддीрдп рд▓рд╖्рдХрд░ рд╕рдХ्рд╖рдо рдЖрд╣े. рдкाрдХिрд╕्рддाрди рдкुрд░рд╕्рдХृрдд рджрд╣рд╢рддрд╡ाрджाрд╡рд░ рдЖрдкрдг рдмрд╣ुрддांрд╢ी рдиिрдпंрдд्рд░рдг рдоिрд│рд╡рд▓े рдЖрд╣े. рдоाрдд्рд░, рдкाрдХिрд╕्рддाрдирдиे рдХुрд░ाрдкрддी рдХाрдврдг्рдпाрдЪा рдк्рд░рдпрдд्рди рдХेрд▓्рдпाрд╕ рдд्рдпाрдЪाрд╣ी рдмिрдоोрдб рдХрд░рдг्рдпाрд╕ाрдаी рдЖрдкрдг рд╕рдЬ्рдЬ рдЖрд╣ोрдд. рдЕрди्рдп рд╢ेрдЬाрд░ीрд▓ рджेрд╢ांрдордзीрд▓ рдкрд░िрд╕्рдеिрддी, рдШрдбाрдоोрдбींрд╡рд░рд╣ी рдЖрдкрд▓े рдмाрд░ीрдХ рд▓рдХ्рд╖ рдЖрд╣े, рдЕрд╕े рдд्рдпांрдиी рд╕्рдкрд╖्рдЯ рдХेрд▓े рдЖрд╣े.

 

рджुрд╕рд░ीрдХрдбेрдЖрдд्рдордиिрд░्рднрд░ рднाрд░рддрд╕ूрдд्рд░ाрдиुрд╕ाрд░ рд▓рд╖्рдХрд░ाрддीрд▓ рд╢рд╕्рдд्рд░ांрдЪे рдЖрдзुрдиिрдХीрдХрд░рдг рд╡ेрдЧाрдиे рдЪाрд▓ू рдЖрд╣े. рдЕрдиेрдХ рд╢рд╕्рдд्рд░ рднाрд░рддाрддрдЪ рддрдпाрд░ рд╣ोрдд рдЖрд╣ेрдд. рджрд╣ा рд╡рд░्рд╖ांрдкूрд░्рд╡ी рдЖрдкрд▓्рдпाрд▓ा рд▓ाрдЧрдгाрд░ी ренреж рдЯрдХ्рдХे рд╢рд╕्рдд्рд░ рдЗрд╕्рдд्рд░ाрдпрд▓, рдЕрдоेрд░िрдХा, рд░рд╢िрдпा рдЖрджी рджेрд╢ाрддूрди рдЖрдпाрдд рдХेрд▓ी рдЬाрдд рд╣ोрддी. рдЖрддा рд╣े рдк्рд░рдоाрдг рекреж рдЯрдХ्рдХ्рдпांрдкेрдХ्рд╖ाрд╣ी рдХрдоी рдЭाрд▓े рдЖрд╣े. рдпेрдд्рдпा рдЪाрд░ рддे рдкाрдЪ рд╡рд░्рд╖ांрдордз्рдпे рд╢ंрднрд░ рдЯрдХ्рдХे рднाрд░рддीрдп рдмрдиाрд╡рдЯीрдЪी рд╢рд╕्рдд्рд░े рдЕрд╕рддीрд▓, рдЕрд╢ी рдЦाрдд्рд░ी рд╡ाрдЯрддे. рдПрдХेрдХाрд│ी рд╢рд╕्рдд्рд░ाрд╕्рдд्рд░ांрдЪी рдЖрдпाрдд рдХрд░рдгाрд░ा рджेрд╢ рдЕрд╢ी рднाрд░рддाрдЪी рдУрд│рдЦ рд╣ोрддी. рдкрдг рдЖрддा рдЖрдкрдг рд╢рд╕्рдд्рд░ाрд╕्рдд्рд░ांрдЪी рдиिрд░्рдпाрдд рдХрд░рдгाрд░ा рдПрдХ рдоोрдаा рджेрд╢ рдмрдирд▓ो рдЖрд╣ोрдд.  реирежреирей-реирек рдпा рдЖрд░्рдеिрдХ рд╡рд░्рд╖ाрдд рднाрд░рддाрдиे реирез рд╣рдЬाрд░ рдХोрдЯी рд░ुрдкрдпांрдЪी рд╢рд╕्рдд्рд░े рдиिрд░्рдпाрдд рдХेрд▓ी рдЖрд╣ेрдд. рд╢рд╕्рдд्рд░ाрд╕्рдд्рд░ рдиिрд░्рдпाрдд рдХेрд▓्рдпाрдиे рдЙрдд्рдкाрджрди рд╕ंрдЦ्рдпा рд╡ाрдвूрди рдЖрдкрд▓्рдпाрд╕ाрдаी рдЙрдд्рдкाрджрди рдЦрд░्рдЪ рдХрдоी рд╣ोрддो. рднाрд░рддीрдп рдмрдиाрд╡рдЯीрдЪे рдм्рд░ाрд╣्рдоोрд╕ рдХ्рд╖ेрдкрдгाрд╕्рдд्рд░ рдлिрд▓ीрдкाрдИрди्рд╕рд▓ा рдЖрдкрдг рдкुрд░рд╡рд▓े рдЖрд╣े. рдЖрддा рд╣ेрдЪ рд╡्рд╣िрдПрддрдиाрдо рдЖрдгि рдЗंрдбोрдиेрд╢िрдпाрд╣ी рдоाрдЧрдд рдЖрд╣े. рд╣ी рд╕्рд╡ाрдЧрддाрд░्рд╣ рдмाрдм рдЖрд╣े. рдЦाрд╕рдЧी рдХ्рд╖ेрдд्рд░ाрд▓ाрд╣ीрдоेрдХ рдЗрди рдЗंрдбिрдпाрдордз्рдпे рд╕ाрдоीрд▓ рдХрд░ूрди рдШेрддрд▓े рдЖрд╣े.рдЖрдШाрдбीрдЪ्рдпा рдЦाрд╕рдЧी рдХंрдкрди्рдпाрд╣ी рдкрд░рджेрд╢ाрдд рдиिрд░्рдпाрдд рдХрд░рдд рдЖрд╣ेрдд.рд╕ैрди्рдпाрд╕ाрдаी рдЖрд╡рд╢्рдпрдХ рд╕рд░्рд╡ рджाрд░ूрдЧोрд│ाрд╣ी рджेрд╢ाрддрдЪ рдмрдирдд рдЖрд╣े, рд╣ी рджेрдЦीрд▓ рдЕрднिрдоाрдиाрдЪी рдЧोрд╖्рдЯ рдЖрд╣े. рдХाрд░рдЧिрд▓ рдпुрдж्рдзाрдд рдЖрдкрд▓्рдпाрд▓ा рдк्рд░рдЪंрдб рдЦрд░्рдЪ рдХрд░ूрди рджाрд░ूрдЧोрд│ा рд╡िрдХрдд рдШ्рдпाрд╡ा рд▓ाрдЧрд▓ा рд╣ोрддा. рдд्рдпाрд╕ाрдаी рджुрдк्рдкрдЯ, рдЪौрдкрдЯ рдХिंрдордд рдоोрдЬाрд╡ी рд▓ाрдЧрд▓ी рд╣ोрддी. рдХोрдгрддेрд╣ी рдорд╣рдд्рдд्рд╡ाрдЪे рд╢рд╕्рдд्рд░ рдЖрдкрд▓्рдпाрд▓ाрдЪ рдмрдирд╡рддा рдЖрд▓े рдкाрд╣िрдЬे, рд╣े рдЖрдкрд▓े рдзोрд░рдг рдЕрд╕ूрди рдд्рдпाрд▓ा рдпрд╢рд╣ी рдпेрдд рдЖрд╣े.

рд╢рд╕्рдд्рд░ांрдмрд░ोрдмрд░рдЪ рд╢рд╕्рдд्рд░ рд╡ाрдкрд░рдгाрд░ा рд╕ैрдиिрдХрд╣ी рдорд╣рдд्рдд्рд╡ाрдЪा рдЕрд╕рддो. рдЕрдЧ्рдиिрд╡ीрд░ांрдЪी рд╕рдз्рдпाрдЪी рдХाрдордЧिрд░ी рдЪांрдЧрд▓ी рдЖрд╣े. рдоाрдд्рд░, рдпाрдд рдХाрд╣ी рд╕ुрдзाрд░рдгा рдХрд░ाрдпрдЪी рдХा, рд╣े рдЖрдгрдЦी рдХाрд╣ी рд╡рд░्рд╖ांрдЪ्рдпा рдЕрдиुрднрд╡ाрд╡рд░ूрди рдиिрд╢्рдЪिрдд рдХрд░рддा рдпेрдИрд▓. рд▓рд╖्рдХрд░ाрддीрд▓ рдорд╣िрд▓ा рдЕрдзिрдХाрд▒्рдпांрдЪे рдк्рд░рдоाрдг рдЕрдзिрдХाрдзिрдХ рд╡ाрдврд╡рд▓े рдЬाрдд рдЖрд╣े. рд╕рдз्рдпा рд▓рд╖्рдХрд░ाрдд рд╕ुрдоाрд░े рддीрди рд╣рдЬाрд░ рдорд╣िрд▓ा рдЕрдзिрдХाрд░ी рдЖрд╣ेрдд. рдкाрдпрджрд│ рд╡ рдЪिрд▓рдЦрддी рджрд▓ (рдЖрд░्рдорд░्рдб рдХोрдЕрд░) рд╡्рдпрддिрд░िрдХ्рдд рд╕рд░्рд╡рдд्рд░ рдорд╣िрд▓ांрдиा рдк्рд░рд╡ेрд╢ рджेрдг्рдпाрдд рдЖрд▓ा рдЖрд╣े. рд╕ैрдиिрдХांрдЪ्рдпा рдмाрдмрддीрдд рдоिрд▓िрдЯрд░ी рдкोрд▓िрд╕рдордз्рдпे рдорд╣िрд▓ांрдЪी рднрд░рддी рдЭाрд▓ेрд▓ी рдиाрд╣ी. рд▓рд╡рдХрд░рдЪ рдЕрди्рдпрдд्рд░рд╣ी рдд्рдпांрдиा рд╕ाрдоाрд╡ूрди рдШेрддрд▓े рдЬाрдИрд▓.

рдпाрд╢िрд╡ाрдп рд▓рд╖्рдХрд░ाрдд рдЕрдд्рдпाрдзुрдиिрдХ рддंрдд्рд░рдЬ्рдЮाрдиाрдЪा рдЕрд╡рд▓ंрдмрд╣ी рдоोрда्рдпा рдк्рд░рдоाрдгाрд╡рд░ рдХेрд▓ा рдЬाрдд рдЖрд╣े. рдЖрд░्рдЯिрдлिрд╢рдпрд▓ рдЗंрдЯрд▓िрдЬрди्рд╕, рдорд╢िрди рд▓рд░्рдиिंрдЧ, рд░ोрдмोрдЯिрдХ्рд╕, рдЕрдд्рдпाрдзुрдиिрдХ рджрд│рдгрд╡рд│рдг рдпंрдд्рд░рдгाрд╣ी рд▓рд╖्рдХрд░ाрдиे рдЖрдд्рдорд╕ाрдд рдХेрд▓ी рдЖрд╣े. рдб्рд░ोрди्рд╕, рдЪाрд▓рдХрд░рд╣िрдд рд╡ाрд╣рдиे, рдЙрднрдпрдЪрд░ рд╡ाрд╣рдиे, рд╕ाрдпрдмрд░ рд╕िрдХ्рдпुрд░िрдЯी рдЖрджीрдмाрдмрдд рд▓рд╖्рдХрд░ाрдиे рдк्рд░рдЧрддीрдЪा рдоोрдаा рдкрд▓्рд▓ा рд╕ाрдз्рдп рдХेрд▓ा рдЖрд╣े. рдЬрдЧाрддीрд▓ рд╕рд░्рд╡ाрдзिрдХ рдоाрдиाрдЪी рдХ्рд░ीрдбा рд╕्рдкрд░्рдзा рдЕрд╕рд▓ेрд▓्рдпा рдСрд▓िंрдкिрдХрд╕्рдкрд░्рдзेрдд рд▓рд╖्рдХрд░ी рдХ्рд░ीрдбाрдкрдЯूंрдиी рд╕ुрд╡рд░्рдгрдкрджрдХांрд╕рд╣ рдЕрдиेрдХ рдкрджрдХांрд╡рд░ рднाрд░рддाрдЪे рдиाрд╡ рдХोрд░рд▓े рдЖрд╣े. ‘рдоिрд╢рди рдСрд▓िंрдкिрдХрдЕंрддрд░्рдЧрдд рд▓рд╖्рдХрд░ рдЖंрддрд░рд░ाрд╖्рдЯ्рд░ीрдп рджрд░्рдЬाрдЪे рдХ्рд░ीрдбाрдкрдЯू рдШрдбрд╡рдд рдЖрд╣े.рд▓рд╖्рдХрд░ рдЕрдиेрдХ рдкрд░्рдпाрд╡рд░рдгрдкूрд░рдХ рдЙрдкрдХ्рд░рдорд╣ी рд░ाрдмрд╡рдд рдЖрд╣ेрдд. рд╣рдЬाрд░ोрдиिрд╡ृрдд्рдд рд▓рд╖्рдХрд░ी рдЕрдзिрдХाрд░ी-рдЬрд╡ाрди рджेрд╢ рдЙрднाрд░рдгीрд╕ाрдаीрдоोрдаे рдпोрдЧрджाрди рджेрдд рдЖрд╣ेрдд. рдпाрд╢िрд╡ाрдп рджेрд╢ाрдд рдХुрдаेрд╣ी рдиैрд╕рд░्рдЧिрдХ рдЖрдкрдд्рддी рдЖрд▓्рдпाрд╕ рд▓рд╖्рдХрд░ рдорджрддीрд▓ा рдзाрд╡ूрди рдЬाрддे. рдкूрд░, рд╡ाрджрд│, рднूрд╕्рд▓рдЦ्рдЦрди рдЕрд╢ा рдХोрдгрдд्рдпाрд╣ी рд╕ंрдХрдЯाрдд рд▓рд╖्рдХрд░ी рдЬрд╡ाрди рдорджрдд рд╡ рдмрдЪाрд╡рдХाрд░्рдпाрдд рдЖрдШाрдбीрд╡рд░ рдЕрд╕рддाрдд.

рджेрд╢ाрдЪ्рдпा рд╕ुрд░рдХ्рд╖ेрдкुрдвे рдЕрдиेрдХ рдЖрд╡्рд╣ाрдиे рдЕрд╕рд▓ी, рддрд░ी рднाрд░рддीрдп рд╕ैрди्рдпाрдЪी рдХ्рд╖рдорддा рджिрд╡рд╕ेंрджिрд╡рд╕ рд╡ृрдж्рдзिंрдЧрдд рд╣ोрдд рдЖрд╣े.рдЕंрддрд░्рдЧрдд рд╡ рдмाрд╣्рдп рд╕ुрд░рдХ्рд╖ेрд╢ी рд╕ंрдмंрдзिрдд рдХोрдгрдд्рдпाрд╣ी рдЖрд╡्рд╣ाрдиाрд▓ा рд╕рдХ्рд╖рдордкрдгे рд╕ाрдоोрд░े рдЬाрдпрд▓ा, рднाрд░рддीрдп рд▓рд╖्рдХрд░ рд╕рдорд░्рде рдЖрд╣े, рдПрд╡рдвे рдЖрдкрдг рдЦाрдд्рд░ीрдиे рдирдХ्рдХीрдЪ рд╕ांрдЧू рд╢рдХрддो. рднाрд░рддीрдп рд▓рд╖्рдХрд░ рджिрдиाрдЪ्рдпा рд╕рд░्рд╡ांрдиा рд╢ुрднेрдЪ्рдЫा. рдЬрдп рд╣िंрдж.