India's New Tank Repair Centers in Ladakh Significantly Enhance Military Capabilities

The Indian Army has established two of the world's highest tank repair facilities in Ladakh, near the Line of Actual Control (LAC), the de facto boundary separating India and China. One center is located in the northern region, while the other is in the east.

This development follows heightened tensions between India and China, particularly since the 2020 standoff in eastern Ladakh. In response to China's increased military presence, India has strengthened its defenses along the border.

Recently, External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar acknowledged the "abnormal" deployment of forces along the LAC, emphasizing the critical nature of national security amid ongoing tensions.

Significance of the Tank Repair Facilities in Ladakh

The new tank repair centers are situated in the Daulat Beg Oldi (DBO) sector and Nyoma, both at altitudes exceeding 14,500 feet. These facilities address a crucial need, as India has deployed numerous tanks, BMP combat vehicles, and Indian-made Quick Reaction Fighting Vehicles in the region following the 2020 Galwan Valley clash with China.

Maintaining and repairing these armored vehicles in such high-altitude areas is challenging. To support sustained operations, the Army has established Medium Maintenance (Reset) Facilities in Nyoma and near KM-148 on the DS-DBO Road in the DBO sector. These locations are focal points for tank and infantry combat vehicle operations in eastern Ladakh.

Strategic Importance

India has stationed over 500 tanks and infantry combat vehicles in eastern Ladakh. Previously, transporting these vehicles to the mainland for maintenance was a difficult task. The new repair centers will enhance the operational effectiveness and serviceability of these vehicles, ensuring they remain combat-ready even in the harshest conditions.

 The Indian Army has also been constructing infrastructure to house tanks, including T-90s, T-72s, and K-9 Vajra self-propelled howitzers, in high-altitude areas where winter temperatures can drop below freezing.

On May 11, Indian Army Chief General Manoj Pande visited the Medium Maintenance (Reset) Facility in Ladakh. The Army highlighted in an official tweet that this "unique maintenance facility" enhances the serviceability and mission reliability of armored fighting vehicles, ensuring operational readiness in rugged terrain and extreme weather, with temperatures plummeting to minus 40 degrees.

Geopolitical Context

The repair centers' locations are strategically significant. Daulat Beg Oldi (DBO) lies south of the Karakoram Pass, flanked by Siachen to the west and Aksai Chin—occupied by China—to the east. DBO is also near the strategic Depsang Plains, at an altitude of 16,000 feet, where T-90s, T-72s, and BMP II armored vehicles have been deployed.

Tanks are crucial for enabling infantry movement and capturing objectives, providing the staying power needed to defend against the enemy.

The other facility, in Nyoma, is near a planned upgraded airfield capable of supporting fighter jet operations, expected to be completed by October this year. This upgrade is critical given the ongoing stalemate between India and China over areas like Demchok and Depsang.

In the event of conflict, these repair facilities will ensure rapid maintenance and deployment of tanks, providing India with a strategic advantage in high-altitude warfare.

 

Football Great Sunil Chhetri to retire after India's FIFA World Cup qualification match against Kuwait May 16, 2024,

India's football great Sunil Chhetri on Thursday announced his decision to retire from international football after the country's FIFA World Cup qualification match against Kuwait on June 6. The national team captain announced his decision via a video he posted on his social media accounts. The 39-year-old striker made his international debut against Pakistan on 12th June 2005 and scored his first goal for India in the same match. "It's not that I was feeling tired, not that I was feeling this or that," Chhetri said in the video. "When the instinct came that this should be my last game, I thought about it a lot (and) eventually I came to this decision." As of now, Chhetri stands tall with third most international goals (94 in 150 matches) among the currently active players, behind Argentine legend Lionel Messi (106 in 180 matches) at number two and the leader Cristiano Ronaldo (128 in 205 matches), the legend from Portugal. He is also the most capped Indian footballer.

 Chhetri's decorated career saw him winning the AIFF Player of the Year award on six occasions, besides receiving the Arjuna Award in 2011 and the Padma Shri in 2019. 

 Looking back at his 19-year career, Chhetri said: "You know the feeling that I recollect in the last 19 years is a very nice combination between duty, pressure and immense joy. I never thought individually, these are the many games that I've played for the country, this is what I've done, good or bad, but now I did it. "This last one and a half, two months, I did it and it was very strange. I did it because probably I was going towards the decision that this game, this next game is going to be my last. And the moment I told myself first, that yes, this is the game that is going to be my last, is when I started recollecting everything. "It was so strange, I started thinking about this game, that game, this coach, that coach, that team, that member, that ground, that away match, this good game, that bad game, all my individual performances, everything came, all the flashes came. So when I did decide that this is it, this is going to be my last game." On the international stage, Chhetri has been part of the title-winning Indian teams in the AFC Challenge Cup in 2008, the SAFF Championship in 2011 and 2015, the Nehru Cup in 2007, 2009 and 2012, as well as the Intercontinental Cup in 2017 and 2018. Going into Chhetri's last international outing next month, India are currently second in Group A off FIFA World Cup qualifiers with four points, behind leaders Qatar. Kuwait are fourth with 3 points. 

He also shared the emotions of his family the moment he told them about his decision. "I told my mom, my dad and my wife, my family first, my dad was...he was normal, he was relieved, happy, everything, but my mom and my wife started crying...they couldn't express to me as to why they burst into tears."

CHINESE President XI FAILED VISIT TO FRANCE AND EUROPE

XI posed as ‘ruler of world’ while Europeans 'begged' a solution for Ukraine 

President Xi Jinping of China received a lavish welcome during his three-day visit to France, with President Emmanuel Macron playing host. It is intriguing that while President Vladimir Putin of Russia is widely vilified in France and Europe, President Xi is seen as a respectable figure whom France should engage with. However, the reality is that Xi is not fundamentally different from Putin in terms of how they treat minorities or the level of freedom in their respective countries. Yet, Europeans tend to overlook China's dark side and remain fascinated by the country, even though it has indirectly aided Russia in surviving US and European sanctions.

 

France, unlike India, has struggled to establish a balanced relationship with both Russia and China. President Macron's motivation for hosting Xi Jinping and his wife Peng Liyuan with grandeur, including red carpets in Paris and even in the Pyrenees mountains, raises questions. France seems to have a short memory when it comes to its political leadership. For instance, few remember when French Prime Minister Bernard Cazeneuve proudly inaugurated a high-security virology laboratory in Wuhan, China in 2017. This investment did not prevent the subsequent disaster, but it did indicate the level of trust between France and China. 

During Macron's first state visit to China in 2018, he emphasized the potential for cooperation between China and Europe, while also warning about concerns regarding China's unfair trade practices. However, the situation has only worsened since then, especially after the COVID-19 pandemic, which originated in Wuhan. Despite the need for acceptance from the world, the Chinese leadership has remained firm in its support of Putin and Russia.

 

Macron has expressed his desire to play a role in the Ukrainian conflict, even considering the possibility of sending ground troops. However, it appears unlikely that he can influence Beijing due to China's own interests with Russia. Macron's recent meeting with Xi Jinping did not yield significant progress, and China only agreed to limited import concessions from France while dashing European hopes for a major Airbus plane order.

 

While Macron may have wanted to showcase his diplomatic skills ahead of the European elections, his efforts were met with protests from activists advocating for the rights of Uyghurs, Tibetans, and other oppressed groups in China. The visit did not bring substantial gains, but France continues to foster relations with India through the "Choose France Forum," aiming to attract Indian investments and strengthen the partnership between the two nations.

 

In summary, President Xi Jinping's visit to France highlighted the divided European approach to dealing with China. Despite his longstanding ties with Macron, Xi made few concessions on issues such as Chinese imports flooding the European Union or the Ukrainian crisis. However, the visit likely provided a temporary respite for Xi from the pressures he faces in Beijing.

भारताची सागरी सुरक्षा, आव्हाने,चिंता आणी पुढील वाटचाल, भाग 1,2,3 लेखकः ब्रिगेडिअर हेमंत महाजन, युद्धसेवा मेडल

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 भारताची सागरी सुरक्षा, आव्हाने,चिंता आणी पुढील वाटचाल, भाग 1

 

भारताची सागरी सुरक्षा, आव्हाने,चिंता आणी पुढील वाटचाल, भाग 2

 

भारताची सागरी सुरक्षा, आव्हाने,चिंता आणी पुढील वाटचाल, भाग 3

 

लेखकः ब्रिगेडिअर हेमंत महाजन, युद्धसेवा मेडल

 

India’s Remittances: A Record-Breaking Achievement

In 2022, India surged past the milestone of $111 billion in inward remittances, firmly cementing its status as the world’s foremost recipient of such funds. This remarkable feat not only underscores the indispensable contribution of Indian migrant workers worldwide but also underscores the pivotal role remittances play in bolstering economies globally. The 2024 World Migration Report by the International Organisation for Migration identifies India, alongside Mexico, China, the Philippines, and France, as the top recipients of remittances. India’s consistent rise in this regard reflects the enduring bonds between expatriates and their country of origin.

 

Amidst the celebration of this accomplishment, it is imperative to acknowledge the myriad challenges faced by migrant populations. The UN report underscores the persistent risks of financial exploitation, burdensome debts resulting from migration expenses, xenophobia, and workplace abuse that afflict migrant communities. Particularly in the Gulf Cooperation Council states, where a substantial number of Indian migrants reside, violations of rights continue to persist. The advent of the Covid-19 pandemic has further exacerbated the vulnerabilities of migrant workers, particularly those in low-skilled labor and the informal sector. Job losses, wage theft, and a lack of social safety nets have plunged many into profound insecurity and debt. The phenomenon of reverse internal migration signals a significant shift in labor dynamics, impacting industries reliant on migrant workers.

 

Additionally, the report sheds light on trends in international student mobility, with China and India emerging as pivotal source countries. The evolving landscape of migration underscores the urgent need for concerted efforts to safeguard the rights and well-being of migrant populations. Addressing issues such as labor exploitation, equitable access to social protection, and establishing secure and orderly migration pathways are imperative for fostering sustainable development and nurturing inclusive growth.

 

"Why Bharat Matters" stands as a celebration of India's rich civilizational heritage.

 Why Bharat Matters

 Beyond geopolitics, "Why Bharat Matters" stands as a celebration of India's rich civilizational heritage. Jaishankar eloquently interweaves India's history, culture, and values into the narrative, illustrating how these timeless elements shape its foreign policy approach. This isn't just about India's ascent on the world stage; it's about reclaiming its rightful place as a civilizational state with a distinctive contribution to offer the world.

 

The key takeaways from the book encapsulate the essence of global unpredictability demanding active engagement, India's rise being intertwined with the well-being of the Global South, the tangible impact of foreign policy on daily life, the influence of India's civilizational heritage on its foreign policy, and the imperative of strategic planning and agility for navigating the future.

 

"Why Bharat Matters" is indispensable for anyone intrigued by India's global standing, regardless of their nationality. It serves as a timely and insightful analysis of India's multifaceted challenges and opportunities, reaffirming the nation's potential to shape a brighter future for itself and the world. Jaishankar's work transcends intellectual discourse; it's a call to action, an invitation to join India on its journey towards growth and global leadership while remaining true to its unique identity.

 

While primarily focused on India's global role, the book provides valuable insights into international relations and the evolving power dynamics worldwide. Dr. Jaishankar's personal anecdotes and experiences as Foreign Minister infuse the book with a human touch, making it both informative and engaging. Published at a crucial juncture as India embarks on its "Amrit Kaal," a 25-year period leading to the centenary of its independence, the book serves as a roadmap for navigating the forthcoming challenges and opportunities.

 

"Why Bharat Matters" is an intellectually stimulating and enlightening book that sheds light on India's global significance. Dr. S. Jaishankar's erudition and firsthand experiences make it a compelling read for anyone interested in international affairs, diplomacy, or India's evolving role in shaping the world order.

 

The book "Why Bharat Matters" recommended to anyone eager to comprehend India's global positioning and its potential to shape a better future. It is a thought-provoking read that lingers in the mind long after the final page is turned.

 

 

Author: Dr. S. Jaishankar, Indian Foreign Minister, Non-fiction, International Relations, Pages: 226, MRP: Rs. 695/- PART 2

 Cultural Diplomacy and Soft Power: Dr. Jaishankar further explores the concept of cultural diplomacy and soft power in India's foreign policy. He elaborates on India's cultural heritage, including its art, music, literature, and spiritual traditions, and how they contribute to enhancing India's global influence and building bridges with other nations.

 

Economic Diplomacy and Global Trade: The book delves into India's economic diplomacy efforts and its role in global trade. Dr. Jaishankar discusses India's participation in regional and global trade agreements, such as the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP), and the country's efforts to enhance economic cooperation with various regions and countries.

 

Sustainable Development: Dr. Jaishankar addresses India's commitment to climate diplomacy and sustainable development. He highlights India's efforts to address climate change, including the International Solar Alliance and its focus on renewable energy. He also emphasizes the importance of balancing economic growth with environmental sustainability.

 

Digital Diplomacy and Technology: The book explores India's engagement in digital diplomacy and the role of technology in shaping international relations. Dr. Jaishankar discusses India's initiatives in digital connectivity, e-governance, and leveraging technology for development, highlighting how these efforts contribute to India's global relevance.

 

Public-Private Partnerships: Dr. Jaishankar emphasizes the significance of public-private partnerships in India's foreign policy. He discusses the role of businesses and entrepreneurs in promoting economic ties and fostering innovation.

 

Strategic Outlook and Future Challenges: Dr. Jaishankar reflects on the challenges and opportunities that lie ahead, including evolving power dynamics, technological advancements, and global governance reforms. He provides insights into India's approach to navigating these complexities and shaping its future trajectory.

 

Vision for the Future- Dr. Jaishankar offers his perspectives on emerging geopolitical trends and their potential impact on India's role in the future. He discusses issues such as the rise of Asia, the evolving nature of power dynamics, and the need for greater collaboration in addressing global challenges.

 

He outlines the key principles that should guide India's foreign policy, highlighting the importance of strategic autonomy, inclusive growth, and a rules-based international order.

 

"Why Bharat Matters" is a comprehensive and insightful exploration of India's global significance and its evolving role in the world. Dr. S. Jaishankar's expertise and nuanced analysis make the book a compelling read for those interested in understanding the complexities of India's foreign policy and its aspirations to shape the geopolitical landscape.

 

 

Concluding Remarks

 

 

Dr. S. Jaishankar's latest work, "Why Bharat Matters," transcends the boundaries of a conventional foreign policy memoir. Instead, it resonates as a compelling call to all Indians, urging them to fathom the nation's pivotal role amidst a swiftly transforming world. Navigating the tumultuous waters of contemporary geopolitics, Jaishankar artfully emphasizes India's distinctive position as a burgeoning power confronting intricate challenges while embracing its profound civilizational identity.

 

In terms of writing style, Dr. Jaishankar's prose is lucid and engaging. He effortlessly navigates complex subjects, making them accessible to readers with varying levels of familiarity with international relations. The book strikes a fine balance between academic analysis and a conversational tone, ensuring that readers remain engrossed throughout.

Essential Read For Anyone Seeking A Deeper Understanding Of India's Role In The Global Arena

 

 

"Why Bharat Matters" is an essential read for anyone seeking a deeper understanding of India's role in the global arena. Dr. S. Jaishankar's expertise and eloquence shine through, providing readers with valuable insights into India's foreign policy priorities, its aspirations, and the challenges it faces. This book not only serves as a significant contribution to the field of international relations but also inspires readers to recognize the relevance of India's rise on the world stage.

 

The accessibility of the book is a notable strength. Jaishankar demystifies intricate foreign policy concepts, rendering them pertinent to the daily lives of Indian citizens. He illustrates how global events, ranging from trade agreements to security threats, directly impact the lives of Indians, influencing everything from job creation to national security. This isn't an arid academic treatise; it's a rallying cry for active engagement with the world around us.

 

Jaishankar doesn't evade critical self-reflection, acknowledging the internal and external challenges that India confronts. The recurring theme of the need for stability amid global unpredictability is underscored, emphasizing the significance of strategic planning and agility in navigating the turbulent times ahead.

Author: Dr. S. Jaishankar, Indian Foreign Minister, Non-fiction, International Relations, Pages: 226, MRP: Rs. 695/- PART 1

 Why Bharat Matters: A Profound Insight into India's Global Significance

In his thought-provoking book, "Why Bharat Matters," Dr. S. Jaishankar, the Indian Foreign Minister, offers a compelling exploration of India's global significance in the 21st century. Drawing from his vast experience as a diplomat and his deep understanding of international relations, Dr. Jaishankar presents a comprehensive analysis of India's role and its potential to shape the world order.

 

 

"Why Bharat Matters" covers many other aspects that make it a noteworthy book:

 

 

Geopolitical Analysis: Dr. Jaishankar provides a comprehensive examination of India's geopolitical position. He analyzes India's relationships with key global powers, including the United States, China, and Russia, and explores the implications of these dynamics for India's foreign policy choices.

 

Regional Dynamics: The book delves into India's relationships with its immediate neighbors, such as Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, and Nepal. Dr. Jaishankar explores the complexities and opportunities within these regional dynamics, emphasizing the importance of fostering stability and cooperation.

 

Multilateralism and Global Governance: Dr. Jaishankar discusses India's active engagement in multilateral forums, such as the United Nations, G20, and BRICS. He highlights India's role in shaping global governance and advocates for a more inclusive and representative international order.

 

 

 

 

Security Challenges: The book addresses the security challenges faced by India, including terrorism, cyber threats, and maritime security. Dr. Jaishankar provides insights into India's approach to countering these challenges and emphasizes the need for collaborative efforts on a global scale.

 

Cultural Diplomacy: Dr. Jaishankar explores the soft power potential of India's rich cultural heritage. He highlights the role of cultural diplomacy in promoting India's image abroad and deepening people-to-people connections.

 

Economic Diplomacy: The book examines India's economic diplomacy efforts, including trade agreements, investment initiatives, and the promotion of entrepreneurship. Dr. Jaishankar underscores India's economic potential and its aspirations to become a global economic powerhouse.

 

Climate Change and Sustainable Development: Dr. Jaishankar acknowledges the importance of addressing climate change and achieving sustainable development. He discusses India's commitment to renewable energy, climate diplomacy, and its efforts to balance economic growth with environmental responsibility.

 

Historical Context: Dr. Jaishankar provides a historical context to India's global significance by highlighting its ancient civilizational heritage. He explores the contributions of India's ancient philosophers, scientists, and scholars, emphasizing the long-standing cultural and intellectual influence that India has had on the world.

 

Diplomatic Challenges: The book delves into the challenges that India faces in its diplomatic endeavors. Dr. Jaishankar discusses issues such as balancing competing interests, managing complex relationships, and navigating global power shifts. He offers insights into the diplomatic strategies employed by India to overcome these challenges.

 

Soft Power and Public Diplomacy: Dr. Jaishankar emphasizes the importance of India's soft power in enhancing its global influence. He discusses India's cultural exports, such as yoga, Bollywood, and cuisine, and how they contribute to shaping positive perceptions of India and fostering stronger international relations.

 

Diaspora Engagement: The book acknowledges the significance of India's diaspora and its role in India's global outreach. Dr. Jaishankar explores how the Indian diaspora, which is spread across the globe, acts as a bridge between India and their adopted countries, contributing to economic, cultural, and political ties.

 

Strategic Autonomy: Dr. Jaishankar emphasizes the concept of strategic autonomy in India's foreign policy. He explains how India seeks to maintain its independence and decision-making capacity while engaging with multiple global powers and pursuing its national interests.

 

India's Neighborhood First Policy: The book highlights India's "Neighborhood First" policy, which underscores the importance of fostering strong relationships with its neighboring countries. Dr. Jaishankar discusses the rationale behind this policy and the efforts India has made to enhance regional cooperation and connectivity.

 

Crisis Management and Humanitarian Diplomacy: Dr. Jaishankar provides insights into India's approach to crisis management and humanitarian diplomacy. He discusses India's role in providing aid and assistance during natural disasters and humanitarian crises, showcasing India's commitment to global cooperation and its willingness to contribute to international peace and stability.

 

Technology and Innovation: The book explores India's growing role in technology and innovation. Dr. Jaishankar discusses India's advancements in areas such as information technology, space exploration, and renewable energy, and how these contribute to India's global standing as a knowledge hub.

 

Indo-Pacific and Security Architecture: Dr. Jaishankar discusses India's engagement in the Indo-Pacific region and its approach to shaping the security architecture in the area. He explores India's partnerships with like-minded countries, such as the Quad (India, United States, Japan, and Australia), and emphasizes the importance of a rules-based order and freedom of navigation in the region.

Counterterrorism and Global Security: The book delves into India's efforts in countering terrorism and its role in global security. Dr. Jaishankar highlights the various challenges posed by terrorism and emphasizes the need for international cooperation to combat this menace. He also discusses India's contributions to peacekeeping operations under the United Nations.

 

India as a Peacemaker: Examine India's proactive engagement as a peacemaker in international conflicts, with a particular focus on its diplomatic initiatives in resolving crises such as the Russia-Ukraine and Israel-Palestine disputes. Part 2

 Security Challenges Faced By Countries of South, Central America

•    South and Central American nations confront various security challenges, such as political instability, drug trafficking, transnational organized crime, terrorism, cyber threats, and border security issues. 

Recommended Countermeasures

•    Security challenges in South America can be tackled as under:-.

•    Strengthening law enforcement and intelligence capabilities.

•    Addressing corruption.

•    Promoting regional cooperation.

•    Investing in social programs.

•    Improving border security.

•    Strengthening cyber security.

•    Investing in social programs.

•    To enhance security and stability in South and Central America, countries can implement various measures such as bolstering law enforcement, improving border security, strengthening cyber security, forging regional partnerships, and investing in social programs.

 

 

Security Challenges Faced By Island Nations of Indo Pacific 

•    Countering Chinese Political Warfare. China's use of political warfare to subvert island states and undermine defense architecture in the Pacific, presents a significant challenge to the democratic world. To counter this, responsible and effective partnerships with Pacific states should be developed, providing them with a better alternative to the corrosive engagement offered by Beijing. The democratic world can offer economic assistance by increasing trade and investment, and developing infrastructure in the region to create alternative sources of funding and development for Pacific states, making them less reliant on China.(PM SUMMIT WITH THESE COUNTRIES IN MAY)

Other challenges are:-

•    Supporting democratic governance.

•    Strengthening defense cooperation.

•    Countering disinformation.

•    Building people-to-people ties.

•    Climate change.

•    Maritime security, Cyber security.

 

 

Counter Measures by Island Nations of the Indo-Pacific/Oceania

•    Building disaster resilience, Climate adaptation and mitigation.

•    Maritime security cooperation.

•    Diplomacy and dialogue.

•    Cyber security cooperation.

•    Building regional partnerships.

•    Investment in climate adaptation.

•    Cyber security, and intelligence capabilities.

 

 

Security Challenges Faced by African Countries

•    War-torn countries in Africa facing problem of landmines and Unexploded Ordnance.

Narcotics Terrorism: A significant challenge 

•    To tackle narcotics terrorism in Africa, several strategies can be employed.

•    Strengthening Law Enforcement:

•    Disrupting Supply Chains.

•    Targeting Financial Flows.

•    Promoting Regional Cooperation.

•    Addressing Socio-Economic Drivers

 

 

Security Challenges related to coastal and maritime security: These include the following:-

•    Piracy: Piracy is a significant threat to maritime security in Africa, particularly off the coast of Somalia, the Gulf of Guinea, and the Horn of Africa. Pirates target commercial ships, fishing boats, and pleasure craft, often using violence and kidnapping as a means of extracting ransom.

•    Illegal Fishing.

•    Smuggling and Trafficking.

•    Environmental Degradation.

To tackle these challenges, there are a number of strategies that can be employed.

•    Enhancing maritime domain awareness: This involves improving the ability to monitor maritime traffic and detect illegal activities in coastal waters.

•    Developing regional cooperation.

•    Strengthening law enforcement.

•    Addressing the root causes.

•    Promoting sustainable development.

 

 

Summary of Major Recommendations

•    Global South nations should prioritize building strong and effective security institutions to provide stability and security for their citizens. This will require investing in police and military forces, intelligence and counterterrorism capabilities, and promoting regional cooperation to address transnational security threats. 

•    They should also focus on building inclusive economies that can generate sustainable growth and job creation. This can be done through investments in education and training, promoting entrepreneurship and innovation, improving access to finance and credit, and promoting trade and investment.

•    Building resilience to climate change and promoting sustainable development should also be a priority. This may involve investing in renewable energy, sustainable agriculture and forestry practices, and implementing measures to adapt to the impacts of climate change.

•    Developing domestic industries and diversifying their economies is crucial. This can be achieved through investments in education, infrastructure, and technology, creating new opportunities for growth and development. Forming regional economic blocs can also provide a larger market and greater bargaining power in international trade negotiations.

 

 

•    Prioritizing national interests and

•    working together to build regional alliances can help balance external powers' influence and provide a united front in negotiations and conflict resolution.

•    Lastly, investing in education, healthcare, and economic development can help address the underlying causes of terrorism and extremism.

•    Cooperation among Global South nations to share intelligence and coordinate efforts to combat terrorism and extremist groups can prevent the spread of extremist ideologies, promoting greater stability and security in the region.

•    India can lead the Global South's voice in bringing these challenges to world bodies.

 

 

Conclusion

•    China's utilization of gray zone tactics presents a major obstacle for countries worldwide, as these tactics obscure the lines between peace and war and can be challenging to counter. Nonetheless, through collaborative efforts and a range of countermeasures, countries can protect their interests and prevent China from achieving its strategic objectives through unconventional means. 

•    Global South nations encounter various intricate geopolitical and security challenges, which may impede their ability to achieve long-term economic growth and development.

•    Therefore, it is essential for the international community, led by India, to support their efforts by providing financial aid, technical expertise, and other forms of assistance as needed. With the right strategies and resources, these countries can overcome these challenges and attain a more prosperous and sustainable future. 

•    To enhance the security of Global South countries, a Security Action Plan should prioritize capacity-building for their military forces, strengthening institutional and legal frameworks, promoting regional cooperation, and enhancing international partnerships.

•    It is critical to strike a balance of interests and promote cooperation among nations to ensure that everyone benefits as a united community. India is committed to pursuing this objective during the G-20/C-20 conferences scheduled for 2023.

 

 

Common challenges

•    Counter terrorism cooperation.

•    Cyber security cooperation.

•    Improving border security.

•    Strengthening Law Enforcement:

•    Supply Chains

Coastal & maritime security:

•    Piracy is a significant threat to maritime security in Africa, particularly off the coast of Somalia, the Gulf of Guinea, and the Horn of Africa.

•    Illegal Fishing.

•    Smuggling and Trafficking.

•    Enhancing maritime domain awareness: improving the ability to monitor maritime traffic and detect illegal activities in coastal waters.

•    Environmental Degradation.

•     

 

 

Summary

•    should prioritize building strong and effective security institutions to provide stability and security for their citizens

•    India can lead the Global South's voice in bringing these challenges to world bodies.

To enhance the security of Global South countries, a Security Action Plan should prioritize capacity-building for their military forces, strengthening institutional and legal frameworks, promoting regional cooperation, and enhancing international partnerships