Protecting India's Railway Network from Sabotage: Urgent Steps Needed

 

The Central Government recently reported 18 incidents of sabotage targeting railway infrastructure since August 1, 2024, and 24 incidents in total over the past two years. On September 8, an LPG cylinder was discovered on a railway track near Kanpur, raising serious concerns. Railway Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw had already expressed worry over train derailments, indicating a "disturbing trend" of deliberate attempts to derail trains. Investigations by the Railways and other agencies are underway, including the possibility of terrorist involvement.

A History of Targeting Railways

The sabotage of India's railway network is not a new phenomenon. In fact, as far back as September 2003, the Ministry of Railways initiated patrolling on tracks in areas considered sabotage-prone. Despite ongoing measures, the vast and critical nature of India’s railway network makes it an attractive target for those seeking to cause mass disruption. With the focus largely on aviation security over the years, surface transport infrastructure, including railways, has not received the same level of attention.

Why Railways are a Prime Target

Terrorists often look for innovative ways to outmaneuver security agencies, and the expansive, heavily trafficked railway system offers significant opportunities. Railways not only serve millions of passengers daily but also provide essential logistical services to the nation. As the network continues to expand, it becomes increasingly vulnerable to attacks. The potential for disruption is enormous, as demonstrated in France, where ‘coordinated sabotage’ targeted high-speed train lines just before the Paris Olympics.

Need for a Coordinated Response

While some steps have been taken to enhance railway security, a harmonized, coordinated approach involving all stakeholders is crucial. This must include not just preventive measures but also rapid response strategies to minimize damage and restore services after an attack. A key starting point is understanding the perpetrators' motives. For example, in Ajmer, Rajasthan, two 70 kg cement blocks were placed on a railway track in an apparent attempt to derail a train. Such incidents indicate that amateur criminals, rather than trained terrorists, may be involved. However, the possibility of a terrorist-criminal nexus cannot be ruled out, as these acts may be outsourced to criminal elements who act as overground workers for terrorist organizations.

Enhancing Railway Security: A Multi-Layered Approach

Given that the Ministry of Railways oversees train operations but state governments are responsible for safeguarding tracks and bridges, there is a clear need for the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) to step in and coordinate efforts. The MHA should lead a comprehensive review of railway security, conducting risk assessments to identify vulnerabilities and prioritize protective measures against both physical and cyberattacks.

Railway security plans must be tailored to specific regions, emphasizing enhanced information-sharing, technological integration, and collaboration between the Railways, law enforcement, and other stakeholders. Surveillance through CCTV cameras, drone monitoring, regular track inspections, and in high-threat areas, the use of pilot engines to clear lines ahead of passenger trains, are essential components of a robust security strategy.

Involving the Public and Leveraging Global Best Practices

Public participation in railway security is another critical element. India could adopt a system similar to the U.S. Nationwide Suspicious Activity Reporting Initiative, which has been in place since 2010. This initiative allows citizens and law enforcement agencies to collaborate in identifying and reporting suspicious activities across the entire railway system. By sharing real-time information, authorities can better analyze and respond to potential threats.

Balancing Security with Efficiency

One of the key challenges will be implementing these security measures without compromising the accessibility and efficiency of train travel. The MHA should extend its efforts beyond railways and work on developing a national infrastructure protection plan that safeguards other critical sectors from potential terrorist attacks.

In conclusion, India's railway network is facing increased sabotage threats, and a comprehensive, coordinated response is needed to address these challenges. By leveraging technology, enhancing collaboration, and involving the public, India can better protect its railways and ensure the safety of passengers and goods.