Wed In India - India's $51 billion wedding economy After Call by PM Modi

 India's wedding industry, valued at $51 billion, is set to witness a significant economic boost with Anant Ambani and Radhika Merchant choosing to host their wedding in Jamnagar, Gujarat. The decision aligns with Prime Minister Narendra Modi's call urging affluent families to conduct weddings within the country. Modi emphasized that this would keep the country's wealth within its borders and eventually provide similar amenities as foreign wedding destinations.

Anant, having grown up in Jamnagar, finds personal significance in the location. However, he also acknowledges the inspiration from PM Modi's 'Wed in India' initiative, expressing pride in following the Prime Minister's suggestion. Modi's call, part of the 'Vocal for Local' mission, aims to promote Indian products not only during festivals but also during wedding seasons, contributing to the nation's economy.

The preference for local wedding destinations is strategically positioned to boost India's economy, considering the country's extravagant wedding culture. Modi highlights the potential business of around Rs 5 lakh crore during the wedding season, further underlining the economic significance of choosing domestic venues over foreign ones.

Last year's winter wedding season saw a predicted economic surge, with the Confederation of All India Traders estimating a business worth Rs 4.74 lakh crore ($51 billion) for approximately 38 lakh weddings. This marked a substantial increase from the previous year, emphasizing the economic impact of the wedding industry on goods and services.

India's rising billionaire population, with an increasing number of high-net-worth individuals, has led to a growing trend of destination weddings abroad. Popular international locales include Turkey, Thailand, and various European cities. However, the high costs associated with foreign weddings could be mitigated if the wealthy elite choose to celebrate their weddings within India, providing an economic boost and fostering tourism infrastructure.

Anant Ambani's decision to host his wedding in Jamnagar is seen as a potential trendsetter, inspiring other affluent individuals to opt for domestic destinations. This shift could not only contribute significantly to India's wedding economy but also promote the growth of local tourism infrastructure.

EXTRACT OF BOOK WHY INDIA MATTERS-BY DR JAISHANKAR

 In "Why Bharat Matters," Jaishankar delves into the intricate diplomatic tapestry woven through Indian epics, offering a unique lens on contemporary geopolitics. The book not only dissects the current global polity and economy but also scrutinizes the repercussions of conflicts on nations' perspectives and interactions. It provides a firsthand account of the Modi government's foreign policy initiatives, offering insights into the present world scenario.

Examining the Valmiki Ramayana through a diplomatic lens, Jaishankar draws parallels between the epic's characters and diplomatic prowess. Hanuman emerges as a standout diplomat, undertaking a journey to Lanka to convey Rama's message and strategically employing strength and analysis to achieve his objectives. Other diplomats like Angad and Tara are also highlighted, emphasizing the multifaceted nature of diplomacy beyond mere mediation.

Jaishankar challenges the conventional view of diplomacy, emphasizing its broader dimensions, including the ability to accurately assess competitors, allies, and the geopolitical landscape. "Why Bharat Matters" encourages a discourse on India's civilizational heritage, shedding light on diplomatic lessons embedded in its ancient epics, a domain less explored in Indian literature compared to the West's fascination with the Iliad.

The book's significance lies in its dual purpose. Firstly, it stimulates discussions on India's civilizational heritage, providing a valuable addition to the emerging literature on diplomatic lessons from epics, paralleling the West's study of the Iliad. Secondly, it stands out as a rare instance of a sitting minister articulating the world view of his government, subtly analyzing the positions of various global players while diplomatically portraying India as "Bharat."

Jaishankar's use of the term "Bharat" in the title signifies a unique perspective from the South Block, portraying India as a nation capable of defining its interests, articulating its positions, and advancing its model. The book outlines the efforts, led by Prime Minister Modi, to enhance India's international relations, offering a timely narrative in a world grappling with uncertainty and rapid change.

As nations seek to de-risk economic relationships with China and grapple with issues like food and health security, India finds itself at a crucial juncture. Jaishankar underscores India's potential gains from these situations but acknowledges the domestic challenges. The book emphasizes the need for robust policies and their effective implementation, especially in the context of a vibrant but chaotic democracy.

The book engages in a counterfactual analysis of Nehru's foreign policy, exploring ideological positions of figures like Sardar Patel, Minoo Masani, and C Rajagopalachari. This analysis challenges the notion that the path taken in the Nehruvian era was unquestionably sound, offering a nuanced perspective on India's historical choices.

In conclusion, "Why Bharat Matters" encapsulates a comprehensive analysis of the present global landscape, unraveling the complexities of the world's polity and economy. Divided into 11 chapters, the book stands as a pertinent and timely exploration of contemporary diplomatic challenges and opportunities

Book: Why Bharat Matters Author: Dr. S. Jaishankar Publisher: Rupa Publications India (2024) Total Pages: 256

 Dr. S. Jaishankar's latest work, "Why Bharat Matters," transcends the boundaries of a conventional foreign policy memoir. Instead, it resonates as a compelling call to all Indians, urging them to fathom the nation's pivotal role amidst a swiftly transforming world. Navigating the tumultuous waters of contemporary geopolitics, Jaishankar artfully emphasizes India's distinctive position as a burgeoning power confronting intricate challenges while embracing its profound civilizational identity.

The book commences by confronting the stark reality that the world is not just tough but also highly unpredictable. From the upheavals caused by the COVID-19 pandemic to volatile conflicts, climate change, and technological disruptions, negotiating this complex terrain demands resilience and adaptability. Jaishankar adeptly unfolds the intricate global scenario, spotlighting the ascendance of China, the evolving stance of the United States, and the pervasive influence of globalization.

Within this intricate tableau, India emerges not as a passive spectator but as a dynamic participant. Jaishankar paints a vivid portrayal of a "New India," one that derives strength from its ancient heritage and democratic values while boldly embracing a future illuminated by technological optimism. This "Bharat," as he underscores, aspires not solely to elevate itself but also to contribute to the well-being of the Global South and the broader global good.

The accessibility of the book is a notable strength. Jaishankar demystifies intricate foreign policy concepts, rendering them pertinent to the daily lives of Indian citizens. He illustrates how global events, ranging from trade agreements to security threats, directly impact the lives of Indians, influencing everything from job creation to national security. This isn't an arid academic treatise; it's a rallying cry for active engagement with the world around us.

Jaishankar doesn't evade critical self-reflection, acknowledging the internal and external challenges that India confronts. The recurring theme of the need for stability amid global unpredictability is underscored, emphasizing the significance of strategic planning and agility in navigating the turbulent times ahead.

Beyond geopolitics, "Why Bharat Matters" stands as a celebration of India's rich civilizational heritage. Jaishankar eloquently interweaves India's history, culture, and values into the narrative, illustrating how these timeless elements shape its foreign policy approach. This isn't just about India's ascent on the world stage; it's about reclaiming its rightful place as a civilizational state with a distinctive contribution to offer the world.

The key takeaways from the book encapsulate the essence of global unpredictability demanding active engagement, India's rise being intertwined with the well-being of the Global South, the tangible impact of foreign policy on daily life, the influence of India's civilizational heritage on its foreign policy, and the imperative of strategic planning and agility for navigating the future.

"Why Bharat Matters" is indispensable for anyone intrigued by India's global standing, regardless of their nationality. It serves as a timely and insightful analysis of India's multifaceted challenges and opportunities, reaffirming the nation's potential to shape a brighter future for itself and the world. Jaishankar's work transcends intellectual discourse; it's a call to action, an invitation to join India on its journey towards growth and global leadership while remaining true to its unique identity.

While primarily focused on India's global role, the book provides valuable insights into international relations and the evolving power dynamics worldwide. Dr. Jaishankar's personal anecdotes and experiences as Foreign Minister infuse the book with a human touch, making it both informative and engaging. Published at a crucial juncture as India embarks on its "Amrit Kaal," a 25-year period leading to the centenary of its independence, the book serves as a roadmap for navigating the forthcoming challenges and opportunities.

I wholeheartedly recommend "Why Bharat Matters" to anyone eager to comprehend India's global positioning and its potential to shape a better future. It is a thought-provoking read that lingers in the mind long after the final page is turned

#महाराष्ट्राला संरक्षण उत्पादनाचे प्रमुख केंद्र बनवणारा #‘डिफेन्स एक्स्प...

भारताच्या संरक्षण क्षेत्रात महाराष्ट्राची भूमिका

 

भारताच्या संरक्षण क्षेत्रात महाराष्ट्राची भूमिका अतिशय महत्वाची आहे. याचे प्रमुख कारण म्हणजे देशाच्या ४० पैकी १० संरक्षण उत्पादन आणि आयुध निर्माण करणारे कारखाने महाराष्ट्रात आहेत. राज्याची राजधानी – मुंबई, ही भारतीय नौदलाच्या पश्चिम कमांडचे मुख्यालय आहे. भारतीय नौदलाचे जनक छत्रपती शिवाजी महाराज यांची भूमी असलेले पुणे, भारतीय लष्कराच्या दक्षिणी कमांडचे मुख्यालय आहे. राष्ट्रीय संरक्षण प्रबोधिनीचेही (NDA) मुख्यालय आणि सरंक्षण संशोधन आणि विकास संस्था (DRDO) सुद्धा याच जिल्ह्यात महत्त्वाची भूमिका बजावते. पुण्याचे महत्त्व अधोरेखित करणारे सशस्त्र सेना वैद्यकीय महाविद्यालय आणि  मुनिशन इंडिया लिमिटेडचे मुख्यालय सुद्धा पुण्यात आहे.  भारतीय लष्कराचे आर्मर्ड कॉर्प्स स्कूल आणि सेंटर (ACS&C) हे महाराष्ट्रातील अहमदनगर जिल्ह्यात पुण्यापासून सुमारे 120 किलोमीटर अंतरावर आहे. लष्कराशी संबंधित  एवढ्या मोठ्या यंत्रणा एकाच राज्यात असणारे महाराष्ट्र हे एकमेव राज्य आहे.

एक्स्पोची मुख्य उद्दिष्टे

सूक्ष्म, लघु व मध्यम उद्योग( MSME) डिफेन्स एक्स्पो हे एक अभूतपूर्व प्रदर्शन असणार आहे.  या क्षेत्रातील नवकल्पना आणि उद्योजकतेला प्रोत्साहन देण्यासोबतच संरक्षण क्षेत्रातील प्रमुख खरेदीदार म्हणजे तीनही सैन्य दल आणि विक्रेता यांच्यातील संपर्क वाढवणे, महाराष्ट्रातील डिफेन्स  एमएसएमईची तयार झालेली इकोसिस्टम अधिक बळकट करण्यासोबतच संरक्षण क्षेत्रातील खरेदीदारांसाठी अर्थपूर्ण संवाद निर्माण करणे, यासोबतच व्यवसायाच्या  परस्पर फायदेशीर संधी ओळखण्यासाठी ‘डायनॅमिक फोरमची’ स्थापना करणे, संरक्षण उत्पादन क्षेत्रात नावीन्यपूर्ण उद्योजकतेची संस्कृती जोपासणे, अत्याधुनिक उपायांच्या विकासास प्रेरणा व प्रोत्साहन देणे, धोरणात्मक उपक्रम राबवून शाश्वत आणि मजबूत वाढीसाठी आवश्यक सहाय्य प्रदान करून महाराष्ट्रातील एमएसएमई क्षेत्राच्या विस्तारासाठी सक्रियपणे योगदान देणे, महत्त्वाच्या क्षेत्रातील एमएसएमईसाठी अनुकूल संधी निर्माण करून खरेदीदार आणि विक्रेते यांच्यातील संपर्क मजबूत करणे हे या एक्स्पोमागील महत्त्वाचे उद्देश आहेत.

 

Manipur students studying in Solapur part 2मणीपुरच्या विद्यार्थ्यांनी स्वा सावरकर यांची "जयोस्तुते व सागरा प्राण तळमळला ही दोन्ही गाणी स॓गितावर म्हटली फारच सुंदर!

USA SHOULD ENSURE SECURITY OF INDIAN DIASPORA IN USA

Ensuring the safety of Indians in the United States demands significant efforts from the American government. The recent surge in unnatural deaths among the Indian diaspora in the country prompted the White House to provide reassurance, emphasizing the administration's earnest commitment to preventing such attacks. A spokesperson from the White House unequivocally stated that violence based on race, gender, or religion has no justification. This assurance, however, comes at a time when the U.S. has faced criticism internationally for its perceived indifference to Israel's actions in Gaza, challenging its proclaimed values of liberalism and diversity.

The influx of Indians to the U.S. has been unprecedented, particularly notable with a 35% increase in Indian student enrollment during the 2022-23 academic year, poised to surpass that of Chinese students. Despite this, the worrisome trend of deaths among Indian-origin students, including cases with evident racism or targeting, raises concerns. In a country where gun culture prevails, and becoming involved in criminal activities is considered a career option in certain circles, newly arrived Indians must exercise caution and take necessary precautions.

Another layer of concern is the simmering animosity among some U.S. citizens towards those who look different from the predominant white and African-American populations. Instances of hate crimes, such as recurring attacks against Sikhs in New York City, have compelled leaders to dispel stereotypes, with the city's Mayor asserting that wearing a turban does not imply terrorism. FBI statistics for 2022 reflected the highest recorded hate crime rate since 2001. It is imperative for the White House to extend its protective measures beyond individuals like Gurpatwant Singh Pannun, designated as a terrorist by India, recognizing the significant contributions of Indian immigrants to the U.S. economy and polity.

#भारत चीन सीमा अजून सुरक्षित करण्याकरता सेंट्रल सेक्टरमध्ये भारतीय सैन्याची #18 कोर तैनात22 Feb24

https://youtube.com/shorts/q287gnDSWWo?si=PhsBVVt_GgX8exjv 

 In a significant strategic manoeuvre, India has shifted its attention from the traditional focus on its northwestern border with Pakistan to the eastern front, particularly concerning its border with China. This shift marks a pivotal change in India’s defence posture, reflecting the evolving geopolitical landscape in the region.

For decades, the primary concern for India had been its border disputes and security challenges with Pakistan in the northwestern region. However, recent developments have compelled Indian military planners to reassess their priorities, directing their focus towards the Line of Actual Control (LAC) with China.

Enhancing combat elements

Recent reports indicate that the Indian Army is undergoing a major restructuring effort, converting an area headquarters into a corps headquarters. This transformation signifies a substantial upgrade in India’s military capabilities, indicating a heightened readiness to address security concerns along the LAC.

The area headquarters in Bareilly, known as Headquarters Uttar Bharat, previously focused on peacetime activities such as administration and training. However, in response to escalating tensions with China, the Indian Army bolstered this headquarters by adding three brigades and an infantry division. This reinforcement demonstrates India’s commitment to enhancing its defence capabilities in the region.

The next step in this transformation involves elevating the Bareilly headquarters into a fully functional corps. A corps possesses considerable autonomy and resources, including artillery, army engineers and aviation assets, enabling it to conduct independent military operations effectively. The proposed 18 Corps is anticipated to comprise three divisions, potentially totalling up to 45,000 soldiers, further strengthening India’s defensive posture along the LAC.

This strategic realignment underscores India’s proactive approach to addressing security challenges posed by China along the disputed border. The Galwan Valley clashes served as a wake-up call, prompting India to reevaluate its military preparedness and deployment along the LAC. By establishing additional corps headquarters dedicated to the eastern front, India aims to ensure greater vigilance and readiness to respond to any potential threats or provocations from China.

Unease at LAC

Despite efforts to maintain stability, the situation along the LAC remains sensitive, as evidenced by the recent deployment of significant military assets by both India and China. Both countries have fortified their positions and infrastructure near the border, indicating a readiness for potential escalation. Despite diplomatic engagements and talks, disagreements persist, impeding progress towards de-escalation and resolution of border disputes.

Political leadership on both sides has emphasized the importance of dialogue and peaceful resolution of conflicts. However, recent actions, such as China’s reported relocation of nationals near Arunachal Pradesh, raise concerns about its intentions and commitment to maintaining stability in the region.

India remains cautious and vigilant, recognising the strategic significance of the LAC in its broader geopolitical context. As India emerges as a prominent economic power, it faces increasing pressure and scrutiny from its neighbours, particularly China. The LAC serves as a contentious point where geopolitical rivalries and economic interests converge, posing challenges to regional stability and security.

India’s border pivot towards the eastern front reflects a proactive response to evolving security dynamics in the region. By bolstering its military presence and capabilities along the LAC, India seeks to safeguard its territorial integrity and national interests while promoting peace and stability in the region. However, the persistent tensions and uncertainties highlight the complex nature of India-China relations and the ongoing challenges in managing border disputes effectively

India Army Raising 18 Corps to strengthen its posture in Cenral Command on Chinese border

 

 

The Indian Army's recent shift in focus towards its Central Command carries significant implications in response to the delicate situation along the Line of Actual Control (LAC). Despite efforts to maintain stability, recent deployments of substantial military assets by both India and China have underscored the sensitivity of the LAC.

 

In a strategic move, India has redirected attention from its traditional focus on the northwestern border with Pakistan to the eastern front, particularly concerning its border with China. This marks a pivotal change in India’s defense posture, reflecting the evolving geopolitical landscape in the region.

 

For decades, India's primary concerns centered around border disputes with Pakistan in the northwestern region. However, recent developments have prompted a reassessment of priorities, with a shift towards addressing security challenges along the LAC with China.

 

The Indian Army's response involves a major restructuring effort, converting an area headquarters into a corps headquarters, indicating a significant upgrade in military capabilities. The Bareilly headquarters, known as Headquarters Uttar Bharat, has been reinforced with three brigades and an infantry division, reflecting India's commitment to enhancing defense capabilities in the region.

 

This transformation includes elevating the Bareilly headquarters into a fully functional corps, with the proposed 18 Corps anticipated to comprise three divisions and potentially up to 45,000 soldiers. This strategic realignment demonstrates India’s proactive approach to address security challenges posed by China along the disputed border.

 

The ongoing tensions along the LAC are evident in the recent deployment of military assets by both countries, indicating a readiness for potential escalation. Despite diplomatic engagements, disagreements persist, hindering progress towards de-escalation and resolution of border disputes.

 

India remains vigilant, recognizing the strategic significance of the LAC in its broader geopolitical context. As India emerges as a prominent economic power, it faces increasing pressure and scrutiny from neighbors, particularly China. The LAC becomes a contentious point where geopolitical rivalries and economic interests converge, posing challenges to regional stability and security.

 

India’s border pivot towards the eastern front is a proactive response to evolving security dynamics. By bolstering military presence and capabilities along the LAC, India aims to safeguard its territorial integrity and national interests while promoting peace and stability in the region. However, persistent tensions underscore the complex nature of India-China relations and the ongoing challenges in managing border disputes effectively.

Fresh Concerns Raised Over Unabated Infiltration From Bangladesh Into India

Several strong measures have been taken including deployment of the Border Security Force (BSF) but the infiltration from Bangladesh into India has been continuing unabated. A recent report of common folks opening a border gate through which a tractor has freely entered Assam's Dhubri district from Bangladesh has raised greater concerns. Questions are being asked why the agencies concerned are not taking preventive action in this regard.

Tezpur (Assam) : Infiltration from Bangladesh into India has always remained a big concern, particularly for the Indian states of Assam and Meghalaya. Despite friendly relations between India and Bangladesh, the issue of infiltration continues to be a perennial problem even today. There are frequent complaints of illegal infiltration but no deterrent action. There have also been allegations of smuggling cattle from India to Bangladesh for a long time.

The Border Security Force (BSF) has been deployed along the Indo-Bangladesh border for the security of the country. It is keeping a tight vigil on the infiltrators trying to enter India through the border. But recently a video of the Indo-Bangladesh border that has gone viral has once again evoked some serious concern in relation to the surveillance system along the Indo-Bangla border. It has raised some severe questions about the security of the country.

This video of the Indo-Bangladesh border in Assam's Dhubri district will surprise everyone. The video shows how, in the absence of BSF personnel, the common people have opened the border gates. Tractors have entered India from Bangladesh. This is not a case for a day or two. Looking at the video, it can be easily anticipated that this is how there is no restriction of free movement in the Indo-Bangladesh border area. While the central government has been talking about creating foolproof security along the borders, this video reveals the real picture.

Why the issue of common people opening the gates has not been taken seriously remains an unanswered question. India shares 4,096.7 km border with Bangladesh. Of these, Assam has 262 km, 856 km in Tripura, 318 km in Mizoram, 443 km in Meghalaya and 2,217 km in West Bengal. Barbed wire has already been installed for 3,180.653 km of the total border and fencing in the remaining 916.7 km will be completed by 2024. But this video has now raised the question whether there will be any benefit even if the fenced wiring gets completed

Presenting military leadership at institute of chemical technology Matun...

CAN LEADERSHIP CANNOT BE TAUGHT IN A CLASS.

LEADERS ARE MADE / TRAINED AND EACH INDIVIDUAL HAS THE CAPABILITY FOR SELF-TRANSFORMATION.

THE MOST SIGNIFICANT OBSERVATION OF LEADERSHIP STUDIES HAS BEEN THAT NO NEW FINDING HAS COMPLETELY NEGATED THE RELEVANCE OF EARLIER ONES.

LOOKING FWD TO MEETING YOU AND DISCUSSING THIS VERY IMPORTANT SUBJECT?

Chenab bridge: Why world’s highest railway bridge is a game-changer for J&K

 

The Chenab Bridge, inaugurated by Prime Minister Narendra Modi in Jammu, stands as the world's highest single-arch railway bridge, surpassing the height of the Eiffel Tower. Connecting Bakkal and Kauri in the Reasi district, it forms a vital link from Katra to Banihal, promising to simplify commuting, enhance goods transport, boost tourism, and foster economic development in the region.

 

Originally capturing attention with viral images resembling a roller-coaster, the Chenab Bridge is now a reality, a testament to engineering prowess. Overcoming challenges concerning safety and stability, especially given its towering height, taller than the Eiffel Tower, the bridge has successfully passed mandatory tests. The completion of this monumental structure marks a historic achievement over two decades since its approval in 2003.

 

Key features of the Chenab bridge include its location between Bakkal and Kauri, forming part of the Udhampur-Srinagar-Baramulla Railway Link (USBRL) project, with a total cost of approximately Rs 35,000 crore. The arch bridge, towering at 1,178 feet above the riverbed and boasting a 120-year lifespan, underwent rigorous stability tests, proving resilience against high-velocity winds, extreme temperatures, earthquakes, and hydrological impacts.

 

The construction involved a 2,015 km long approach road, taking three years to build the arch using two giant cable cranes on both banks of the Chenab. Collaboration with prestigious scientific and tech institutions, such as IIT-Roorkee, IIT-Delhi, and DRDO, played a crucial role in the project's success.

 

For Jammu and Kashmir, the Chenab Bridge holds immense significance, addressing connectivity challenges that have persisted for over two decades since the project's approval in 2003. It is a crucial part of the USBRL project, set to provide all-weather connectivity and facilitate round-the-clock transportation, making it a game-changer for the region's industrial, agricultural, and tourism sectors.

 

Strategically, the bridge is a boon for the Indian armed forces, offering enhanced mobility in the challenging terrains of Kashmir and Ladakh. With 365 days of connectivity, it is poised to counter threats and challenges, reducing reliance on the existing Srinagar-Jammu national highway that often faces closures during harsh winters.

 

The Chenab Bridge is expected to usher in economic development in the surrounding areas of Jammu, connecting 73 villages that were previously only accessible by foot or boat. Once the USBRL is complete, the Vande Bharat Metro train will run between Jammu and Srinagar, aligning with the ambitious Ek Bharat Shreshtha Bharat plan.

 

Beyond infrastructure and connectivity, the bridge has political implications, symbolizing Prime Minister Narendra Modi's commitment to bringing economic development to Jammu and Kashmir. Following the abrogation of Article 370, the bridge is considered a significant step towards integrating the region with the rest of the country and fostering overall growth and stability

Firstpost Defence Summit 2024-24TH FEBRUARY 2024-Palki Sharma

What's the summit about?

The theme for this year's summit is "The Future Forward" The discussions seek to navigate the evolving dynamics of India's defence priorities as India seeks to take on a bigger role on the global stage. The speakers will explore the balance between defence and diplomacy, the need for diversification, and the transformative potential of artificial intelligence in future warfare landscapes. As countries look to India for leadership, Firstpost's Defence Summit brings you the thought leaders and policymakers shaping our outlook and worldview.

SESSION 1:Securing India: A SWOT Analysis

As India rises on the global stage, the security challenges for the military are widening as well. From tensions at the border to confronting risks on the high seas - what are the pathways for leveraging India's defence strengths, mitigating its weaknesses, capitalizing on emerging opportunities, and confronting the evolving challenges in today's complex security environment?

SESSION 2:Defence Beyond Borders: India's Global Leap

India's defence exports are soaring. Last year, it reached a record high, with New Delhi exporting to over 80 countries. In 2023, India's defence production crossed a significant milestone of one lakh crore rupees for the first time. LCA-Tejas, light combat helicopters, and aircraft carriers are leading the charge. New Delhi has successfully transformed from a defence importer to an exporter. Under Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi's leadership, India is betting big on local weapons manufacturers. "Make in India" is now attracting global attention.

SESSION 3:Securing the Seas

The Red Sea crisis has disrupted global supply chains. The crisis is also stoking fears of food inflation. It's the latest blow to the world economy already wracked by instability. Amid this turmoil, India has assumed greater responsibility in maritime security, deploying at least a dozen warships near the Red Sea. There is tension brewing in the disputed South China Sea, too. India has joined forces with other countries to thwart China's expansionism in the disputed waters. Recently, New Delhi held naval drills with Manila, a clear sign of its greater involvement in the South China Sea. India is leading global efforts to secure our seas.

SESSION 4:Future of War: AI & Tech

What role will artificial intelligence play in the future of warfare? Will AI shape how wars are fought? We take a deep dive into the path forward for AI in military operations and the risks that it poses. Superintelligent machines are no longer confined to the realm of science fiction. Artificial Intelligence is developing rapidly, but without guardrails, it can do more harm than good. As countries race to ensure that they don't fall behind in the AI race, we discuss how we these nonhuman entities could determine results on the battlefield.

SESSION 5:Make-in-India: Forging a new era in defence manufacturing

Despite its position as one of the world's largest defence spenders, India continues to be the top importer of weaponry globally. This session probes the paradox: What barriers are preventing a significant surge in India's defence manufacturing sector? With the Ministry of Defence setting an ambitious target to reach a turnover of $26 billion in aerospace and defence manufacturing by 2025, including $5 billion from exports, this discussion will unveil the strategic roadmap envisioned to accomplish these goals.

SESSION 6:India's Defence Diversification

In a shifting global order, countries are rethinking their military strategies. India is focusing on diversifying its defence relationships. New Delhi is deepening its defence ties with the West, while maintaining a steady relationship with Russia. Surrounded by hostile neighbours, India is walking a tightrope. Is New Delhi's defence diplomacy a roadmap for others to follow? As China, increasingly, threatens international security, countries must rethink their engagements with global swing states.

SESSION 7:Navigating Conflicts in a Multipolar World

With two wars and multiple conflicts raging in the world, what is the road ahead? As geopolitical fault lines sharpen, is the era of America's global leadership over? China is testing the U.S. in Asia, but there is growing mistrust of Beijing, too. India has emerged as a leader in conflict resolution in this multipolar world. We discuss the possibilities of global peace, and whether it will remain a pipe dream

India nominates Maratha history landscape as a UNESCO Heritage site

Maratha Military Landscapes.

India is set to nominate the "Maratha Military Landscapes" for the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) World Heritage recognition in 2024-25.

Realm of Change due to AI in the Military

No military would ever succumb to becoming a complete AI force. For AIs, the biggest weakness lies in the domain of uncertainty. And war is a honeycomb of uncertainty and friction. It would be difficult to pinpoint when a Military transits into an AI-dominated force. Many systems described above are prevalent in service today. Automation is built into the weapon systems. The difference is that humans still make decisions. Automated systems only aid decision-making. In any military operation where the decision responsibility is assigned to an AI system, it would signal a shift to the above-mentioned transformation. Assuming it does, the changes that could accrue in the military are given below:

·      Organisation. It is difficult to predict any significant organisational changes to the current organisations. What is likely would be adding newer organisations. For the army, they could be added at the levels up to a Corps/Division, in the Navy at a fleet HQ level, and in the Air Force at an operational command level. These additions would be an organisation that would like the IDF data bank branch and more. It would have the hardware and the manpower to collect, collate, and analyse large sets of data and the ability to link them to the shooter links, which are essentially the weapon systems. They would also be in the know of the AI algorithms and would be in a position to rewrite and modify them based on the tactical requirements. The essential requirements of these additional organisations would be dedicated digital links with the command and fighting elements, the hardware and the software, which would help the analysis and allow the system to provide correct inputs to the DSS (Decision Support System). The networking of all these elements will be critical for seamless operations. The organisation tree for the new unit will be incremental as it would start with a section-level strength (for e.g. Ten Personnel) and then grow if its efficacy is proven and the need dictates a bigger organisation. 

·       Weapons & Equipment.    The advent of AI on the battlefield will lead to a change in the equipment profile of any military. Indian Armed Forces would be no different. AI would demand weapons capable of being networked and receiving target engagement of target recognition instructions. They would be automated to respond to firing instructions from another AI source, which could be in any Command Centre or a higher HQ (headquarters). It would be impossible to refurbish the entire inventory of weapons and equipment. The concept of new, old, and obsolete would remain relevant. Nevertheless, weapons on the inventory will need modifications to be compatible with AI instructions. Will a gun fire independently without manual intervention, or can an aircraft launch a missile without the pilot pressing the trigger? ‘Yes’, such a scenario is within the realms of an AI environment. If not an artillery gun, such a scenario is possible with a rocket launcher, which is fully loaded and ready in a hide to fire. A pilotless fighter jet tomorrow would be acting on firing solutions and engaging the targets based on an airborne Command Post. The examples mentioned above explain the need to upgrade the weapons and their control systems.

·      Style of Leadership. There are different leadership styles, namely Autocratic, Democratic, and variable style. As the military gets into the AI mode, the leadership style will change from an Autocratic style to a Democratic style. No military leader can be completely democratic; it would impinge upon his ability to make tough decisions in times of crisis. The most demanding change for the commanders would be to change their leadership style. It would gravitate towards the democratic style to find an equilibrium between variable and democratic. 

Leadership Styles (Diagram-2)

• Type of Leadership.  In leadership, there is another continuum that contains three types: Transactional leadership, management by exception, and transformational leadership. As the military transforms from conventional to information to intelligence, so should the leadership, from Transactional to Exception to Transformational. In AI times, leaders have to lead the change or be the change. They need to transform themselves first before they transform others. According to James Burns in his book, ‘Leaders Who Changed the World’, " ‘Transformational leadership occurs when one or more persons engage with others in such a way that leaders and followers raise one another to higher levels of motivation and morality- power bases are not linked as counter-weights but as mutual support for a common purpose. Transformational leadership ultimately becomes moral in that it raises the level of human conduct and ethical aspirations of both the leader and the led, and thus has a transformational effect on both.’  In the context of the military, it will be seen as the attempt of the leadership to change the organisational structure, its culture and the professional skills, all of which an AI-driven environment would demand. 

• In an AI-driven system, the threshold for awareness, knowledge, and aptitude for technology would have to go up for all ranks, from the soldier to the top commander. The Concomitant effect of higher education amongst ranks would lead to a change in the organisational culture requiring greater tolerance for mistakes and informal individual behaviour. The World War II style of discipline and blind obedience by rank and file to orders given by commanders would diminish, if not vanish. Orders, when given, would require additional deliberation and better dissemination. 

• There would be a change in the tactics and employment of weapons systems. New operational doctrines would be necessary to cope with the changing technology. In an AI environment, all sensors, which are national assets, would come into play. Thus, the line between military assets and civilian assets will obfuscate. There would be a need for seamless integration of AI-driven systems to function optimally.

• Management of change. All the above can be clubbed in the heading "Management of Change". This facet of the military would be the greatest challenge to all ranks and files. It will primarily be a command responsibility. This change would affect the military and the national civilian leadership: the government, for no decision would be taken in isolation. Situational inputs from the highest HQs would drive the decision. The change we are envisaging would not be sudden. It would be gradual, and a part of the change is already in motion. The force integrating faster and adapting to technology will likely reap AI's benefits earlier. For others, it will be a long, grinding wait. 

There is a necessity to look into the crystal ball gap in the future and see how AI will transform the Indian military. Only a proper study by a team of subject matter experts can reach close to fundamental discoveries of the level of changes required in leadership, organisational structures, and culture. 

Summary

AI will be a reality in warfighting soon. AI has many applications in the civil world, and it dictates the commercial interests of corporations and the ruling elites alike. A battle will continue to rage between the benefits and pitfalls of embracing AI. However, AI in the military dimension can have a decisive effect if used by trained and professional soldiers, sailors and airmen. AI will create an upheaval in the military ethos. It would challenge the tenets of established organisational culture and organisational structures. It will also compel the commanders to opt for newer doctrines and different battlefield tactics. As technology becomes the cornerstone of warfighting, AI will cast its shadow from the frontline soldiers to the top leaders in the National HQs. This shift would be a huge change, and Management of this change will be a command function. It will fall upon leaders at all levels to manage this change for the better. While the entire subject is in the realm of conjecture, its future seems near. The Military, which prepares itself better for AI, would succeed faster and reap the benefits. This article is to provoke individual minds to think and add to the growing debate on how AI will change our lives.

Leadership challenges in AI ENVIRONMENT

·       Upskilling of the Commanders. Any AI-driven system would necessitate that commanders be in the know of what the end product is likely to be and capable of making a human intervention should an emergency arise. This requirement would mean the commander is well-versed in the workings of the AI system. The usual reliance on staff to feed the inputs to the commander would be a strict 'No', as the decision loop would not permit the luxury of time. Any intervention would be concurrent, as the process is happening, requiring a hands-on commander. A tech-savvy military would need a tech-savvy commander. Thus, upgrading the commander's skills would be the first part of this Management of change. 

·       Upskilling the Hands-on Soldiers and Reduction in Manpower. Automated systems would necessitate a reduction in personnel manning the sensors or the weapon and upgrading the skills of the residual manpower. This upgrade would translate into a higher education entry into the Army, a higher professional curriculum in the army training schools and centres for the men, or a combination of both. It would be a leadership challenge. How to get the best fit, since higher education graduates desire better pay and lives. These aspirations are not in tune with soldiers' lives and pay scales. Reduction in manpower would have a concomitant effect on the ability to maintain the equipment with less manpower or necessitate a sturdier weapon system requiring minimal maintenance. The latter would be a procurement challenge to be addressed at the top of the leadership ladder. 

·       Decision Making. The third part of the OODA loop is decision-making. Decision-making would change due to the way the commanders receive information. The concept of CCs has been discussed earlier. However, below the CCs levels are the fighting units, the companies and platoons in physical contact with the enemy. They also would be AI-equipped. E.g. surveillance drones operated by the troops in contact with the enemy. These drones, being digital, would be linked to the operator as well as to a command post in the rear. The flow of information would be forward to back, back to forward, and lateral as well. Since multiple sources are sending a feed, it would be essential for commanders at all levels to be aware of the entire situation to make the correct decisions. For, whether to engage an impromptu target or wait to get more information out of it is a command decision dictated by the level of situational awareness. A lower commander might want an engagement, yet his higher commander is unsure how the future will unfold. He might feel the enemy has not yet played his whole hand. Such decision dilemmas would continue to confront the commanders due to multiple inputs coming simultaneously. The answer to these dilemmas may be quicker dissemination of information forward and backwards. 

·       To Act. Action in the AI environment will gain a sharper cutting edge. The sensors would be more sophisticated even at the soldier level, and the means of destruction like rifles, automatic weapons, artillery guns, and the air force would all be on a tablet. What would never change is the raw courage required of a soldier to confront the enemy. Thus, The challenge is to have a soldier who is mentally and physically strong and, at the same time, intelligent enough to grasp the nuisance of a dynamic battlefield. AI would thus change even an infantry soldier, asking him to be more aware of the situation and his surroundings. This facet would change the complete training curriculum of an infantry soldier, the tank crew, the artillery forward observation officer and his party. The feedback loop would also be more time-sensitive as rapid enemy reaction must be countered. In short, the pace of battle would be more rapid. Consequently, the aspects of leading from the front, teamwork, clarity of objective, and situational awareness would pose more significant challenges for the leadership. 

·       Operations of the Air Force and the Navy. The OODA loop for the Air Force and the Navy would follow the same pattern and could be described in similar detail. The selection or destruction of impromptu targets that have emerged from the fog of war would assume greater significance. Link with the sensor, which may be an airborne CC, and updating target location and profile would become critical and a part of routine training for the pilots. There is a possibility of pilotless aircraft joining the Air Force fleet. Unmanned aerial vehicles: Global Hawk and Predators are currently in service with the US Air Force in counter-insurgency conflicts in the Middle East and the Afghanistan-Pakistan border. A proliferation of weaponised pilotless fighter aircraft is a distinct possibility, and it would pose a significant challenge to the tactics and flight formations of the Air Force. Common sense reasoning is one quality that is easy to come by in humans and impossible for AI. Thus, reacting in dynamic situations in the fog of war would be a big challenge for AI-driven machines. Would the Air Force and the Navy lose manpower due to excessive automation? The answer would be 'Yes'; it would lose a proportionate share of its manpower from its WETs (War Tables). The challenges facing their commanders would be similar. 

·       The challenges given above would be over and above the challenges that exist in the current time, mainly about shortage of manpower and other resource, shifting operational responsibilities and difficult terrain. On the overall matrix, the challenges in the AI environment would be far more complex than what is possible to explain in a few paragraphs. 

Current Challenges to Military Leadership AI ENVIRONMENT

 

Any problem in the military is a leadership problem. The leadership challenges are typical to each service. Unless the reader understands each service's current problems, it would be hard to appreciate the new challenges posed by AI. Therefore, the challenges faced by the military in the current day, in brief, are given below:

Army.    Considering the Army first, the Indian Army is dominated by its ranks who hail from rural or semi-urban areas. They form the bulk of the fighting force. The officer cadre is made of young men who come from urban and semi-urban areas. The integration of thought processes and a common culture between the men and the officers is effected through training and regimentation. Officers' training has many components, but man management is one of the essential subjects. Understanding the command (Men under the command of an officer, e.g. Company Commander, Battalion Commander) devolves around the officer. Thus, the most common leadership challenge in the Army is to lead the men in situations of war or a counter-insurgency operation or in the aid of civil authorities. Leadership is built through trust and a deep sense of duty to look after the men under command. Only when the two are entwined is the role of the leader complete. The leadership challenge starts from the junior rank, a non-commissioned or a junior commissioned officer, and goes on to a General officer. As the leader rises in rank, the quantum of men under command increases. Challenges increase and take different shapes and forms. Training his command (men) becomes the principal responsibility for the senior rank. The low educational standards of the men pose a typical challenge in increasing the cognitive limits of men under command.  

Another significant leadership challenge is to deal with scarcity. There is always a dearth of resources required: men, ammunition, transport or time for training. The challenge is to perform a series of tasks with the minimum resources. It is a challenge for the leadership to train their command for it. 

The role of an Indian army Battalion (the smallest independent fighting unit) tends to change every three years on average. This results in an unending cycle of training the men to their new roles. However, it is not easy when, every three years, the tasks assigned and the place of their execution change. A soldier operates in the desert today and in a high-altitude mountain tomorrow. The characteristics of the areas of operations are so diverse that for ordinary human beings, even survival is a challenge.

Navy & Airforce.      The leadership challenges to the Navy and the Air Force are similar, though not the same. The Navy operates in a closed environment with a strict chain of command, where every sailor is expected to do his job. Training on the job and remaining motivated in that job in a close, confined environment for long periods, like a submarine, is the most significant leadership challenge. For the Air Force, maintaining its fleet of aircraft to total operational efficiency is the biggest challenge. In the Air Force, the challenge lies in maintaining the aircraft on the ground and getting the better of the enemy in the air. The latter requires hours and hours of flying skill and teamwork. Thus, for the Airforce training and maintenance are the two biggest challenges.  

Likely Challenges AI Would Bring to the Indian Military in Future

What changes would AI bring to the Military? As enunciated in the earlier part of the paper, the nature of AI should suggest that AI would automate the Decision Support System (DSS) and establish a link with the weapons platforms. The takeover of the DSS would be the principal nature of the change in all three services. Other changes, like the logistics of provisions of the ammunition rockets and missiles, would be a subset of the weapon systems link. Though the chain appears to be a two-link chain (The CC & Weapon), it encompasses the entire gamut of the operational paradigm. The decision support system encompasses all the Command Centres (CCs), the decision-making hubs in the chain of command. Each level has its Command Centres, sometimes called the 'Command Posts'. These are linked to fighting formations that hold the shooter links attached to them as part of their fighting resource. They await the orders to act based on decisions taken by the command elements. AI will automate many functions in the CCs. 

We will understand AI's effect on military leadership affairs through Colonel John Boyd's OODA (Observe-Orient-Decide & Act) loop. Lt Col John Boyd was a fighter pilot with the US Air Force and later a military strategist. He devised the OODA loop for the pilots to make quick yet correct decisions in the aircraft by going through the OODA loop. Later, the scope broadened, and became so popular that its use became standard across the three services. Now, the corporate world has embraced it as its own. 

The OODA loop ( Diagram 1)

The seeker loop, which represents the first two elements of the OODA loop (Refer to Diagram 1 above): 'Observe and Orient', is connected with the seeker link. At present, the analysis of inputs coming from these two stages is done by the human brain, helped by automated software. However, in an AI-driven environment, AI systems would analyse all the information received from the sensors and conclude the target profile. Similarly in the decision making process, the CCs would process the information and enable decision making either by commanders or by the AI when specified. Final link in the loop is the ‘Action’. The AI based on the target analysis select the weapon needed for achieving the desired effect. When to fire the weapon could be in the hands of humans or the AI, based on the operational need.

Leadership challenges in the OODA loop are enunciated below:

This paper aims to crystalball the future of India's military leadership in an AI-driven environment. -Maj Gen Nitin Gadkari

Scope

To understand the above-mentioned challenges to the military leadership in their operational environment.  

Evolution & Applications of AI 

AI has been known to the scientific community for decades. Its origins go back to 1956 when the word AI was first coined at the Dartmouth conference. Early AI efforts were rudimentary, using rules and symbols to represent knowledge and problem-solving. Its evolution through the decades is owed to the development of large-scale data sets, faster processing speeds, especially the GPUs (Graphic Processing Units), the introduction of neural networks and machine learning tools, and the proliferation of cloud computing and internet connectivity. All these and more have contributed to the present state of AI, where it has invaded households through Alexa and Siri. AI applications are now routine in medical diagnosis and care. Education and agriculture, too, have been overwhelmed by AI-based tools. Chat GPT has taken the business world by storm. Popular driverless cars and aircraft have stimulated people's imagination, and they have started believing they will live in the Star Wars era soon. 

AI applications in the Military are already far-reaching. As mentioned earlier, the use of AI in the two recent conflicts has highlighted its utility in warfare. In the Israel-Hamas conflict, the IDF (Israel Defence Forces) relied heavily on the use of AI to determine the tunnels. However, the IDF's most significant success in AI came before their ground operations began. An AI process aided the month-long targeting of Hamas targets in the Gaza Strip. The IDF has a data target bank branch in its organisation. The task of this organisation is to store inputs on targets in the Gaza Strip received through various agencies: human and electronic intelligence (int) sources, satellite feeds, electronic surveillance and most importantly, visitors from Gaza. This bank also stores the data of previously hit targets and their status. In the days leading to the ground assault, this unit was the IDF's most secretive and active organisation. Based on live inputs coming from surveillance drones and human-int, the embedded AI systems could prepare a target list for the IAF (Israeli Air Force), which was commensurate with the war aims specified for the IDF. The AI systems' efficiency helped the IDF achieve ten times better results than in the previous conflicts. Later, The same branch could map out the fleeing targets or targets of importance for the ground forces, like the live locations of Hamas Commanders. They could also trace the ground columns to reach the objectives through routes of minimum interference. 

Another dimension in which AI has widespread applications in current and future warfare is the field of drones and unmanned vehicles; in the Ukraine-Russia conflict, Ukraine has used thousands of drones against the Russian army. Many of these drones hit their targets. Significant damages to Russian logistic dumps and artillery were inflicted through the use of AI-enabled drones. Imagine a future scenario where a battlefield is saturated with AI-enabled small (low-cost) explosive-laden drones, far more than the enemy can take down. These drones, which are networked, will be capable of seeking enemy targets. Each will act as a command centre. In a superfast mode, they seek and destroy targets. Other functional drones take over tasks undone by damaged or destroyed drones. Such an attack by relatively cheap drones would wreak havoc on armoured vehicles, tanks, artillery batteries, communication centres and command centres on a battlefield. This scenario did not play out in the Ukraine war, but it could be the case in the future. In the Azerbaijan- Armenia war a few years back, Azerbaijan forces used Turkish-made suicide drones to somewhat similar effects. They could individually seek and destroy targets. The next level is what the potential holds when these drones are AI-enabled. 

The two most significant changes AI would bring to the battlefield as part of the Revolution In Military Affairs (RMA) are the decision-making process (DMP) and the aerial vehicles. The decisions on a battlefield are made by commanders in their respective command centres (CCs). These CCs are connected with the seeker links and have dedicated shooter resources. Many other CCs are part of a tactical battlefield, which are networked. The DMP will be in conjunction with the networked systems. In future, they will be AI-enabled. 

A sensor seeks an enemy target in the air, ground, or sea, analyses the target's nature, size and shape and allocates appropriate weapon systems for its destruction. Execute the mission and collect feedback in the post-destruction phase for further continuance or signalling the completion of the mission. However, during this process, the control remains with the commander, a human in the decision-making chain. If this chain is rid of human intervention, it will become a pure AI kill chain. 

Ammunition Loading and delivery to the weapon is now within the AI-based systems' gamut. Minimum human assistance is required to monitor expenditures, raise demand, allocate ammunition from dumps based on optimum delivery requirements, transport, and even help in unloading. Such large-scale logistic operations in wartime could be executed through AI processes. In the Air Force and Navy, their decision support systems will also be slaved to the respective weapons platforms, whether an aircraft or a ship. 

The future with AI will lead to a stage that is both an opportunity and a threat for military planners. Opportunity is easy to explain. However, what is the threat? The threat can be defined as the period of uncertainty in the commander's mind about the change the AI systems would bring into operations and their efficacy in providing optimum solutions to fight the enemy. The burden of transition to the AI-dominated environment would fall on the leadership, whether in the civilian world or the Military.